Characterization of the rapid-onset type of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine in mice: Role of drug-environment conditioning

A rapid-onset type of behavioral sensitization (ROBS) has been demonstrated in rats treated with a single 'priming' injection of amphetamine (AMP). in that species, however, this phenomenon was restricted to AMP-induced stereotyped behavior (SB), not occurring for the locomotor-stimulant effect (LSE) of AMP and not reflecting environment-specific sensitization. in the present study, the ROBS was characterized in the mouse. Mice received a single 'priming' intraperitoneal injection of 5.0 mg/kg AMP which was paired or not with environment. At different intervals (3, 4 or 5 h) subgroups were tested for AMP (1.5 or 5.0 mg/kg)-induced SB or AMP (1.5 mg/kg)-induced open-field LSE. Results showed that: (1) in the absence of drug-environment association, a priming injection of AMP increased the SB induced by a 1.5 mg/kg AMP challenge injection given 3 h (but not 4 or 5 h) later; (2) when the dose of AMP challenge injection was increased to 5.0 mg/kg, an enhancement of SB was verified at all the intervals tested (3, 4, and 5 h); (3) when animals were tested in an open field, the priming injection of AMP produced an increase in the LSE of a 1.5 mg/kg AMP challenge injection, given 4 h later; (4) drug-environment association increased both SB and locomotion after a saline challenge injection and potentiated the rapid-onset sensitization of both behaviors in AMP-challenged mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the ROBS phenomenon also occurs in mice, is extended to AMP-induced LSE, and is markedly potentiated by (but does not depend on) environmental conditioning.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Farmacol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Farmacol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Application of Botulinum Toxin in Pain Management

Botulinum toxin has been used for the treatment of many clinical disorders by producing temporary skeletal muscle relaxation. In pain management, botulinum toxin has demonstrated an analgesic effect by reducing muscular hyperactivity, but recent studies suggest this neurotoxin could have direct analgesic mechanisms different from its neuromuscular actions. At the moment, botulinum toxin is widely investigated and used in many painful diseases such as myofascial syndrome, headaches, arthritis, and neuropathic pain. Further studies are needed to understand the exact analgesic mechanisms, efficacy and complications of botulinum toxin in chronic pain disorders

Theses ... De Ratione formali subiecti anatomici, quae est motus voluntarius rationalis

... Pro Suprema in Arte Apollinea, Laurea consequenda, publice discutiendas proponit Samuel Satler Fribergensis Hermundurus. A. D. 5. IuniiEnthält 42 ThesenDiss. med. Basel, 159

Leich Predigt/ bey der Christlichen Sepultur vnd Begrebnüß/ des weyland Erbarn vnd Weysen Herrn/ Hans Backisch/ Des Raths vnd Hospitalmeistern alhie zu Freybergk/ : Welcher den 1. Iulii dieses 1604. Jahrs/ halbweg Zehen Vhr/ vor Mittage/ im Herrn Christo seliglich eingeschlaffen/ vnd den 4. Iulii hernach/ in sehr Volckreicher versamlung in der Kirchen zu S. Nicklas/ zur Erden bestattet worden.

Gehalten/ Durch M. Iacobum Setlern ...Drucker über Benzing ermittelt