Rendimento de espiga verde de milho em resposta à adubação nitrogenada.

O experimento foi executado, sob regime de sequeiro, em solo de textura média, no município de Teresina, PI, no período de janeiro a março de 2004. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg de N ha-1). Foi observado efeito quadrático para o rendimento de espigas verdes com e sem palha sendo os máximos rendimentos (22.178 e 13.321 kg ha-1) obtidos com 108 e 125 kg de N ha-1, respectivamente. O aumento médio nos rendimentos de espigas verde com e sem palha devido ao nitrogênio foram de 32,4% e 35,3%.Edição dos Anais do 47° Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura; 4º Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Cucurbitáceas, Porto Seguro, ago. 2007. 1 CD-ROM

Protein secretion systems in bacterial-host associations, and their description in the Gene Ontology

Protein secretion plays a central role in modulating the interactions of bacteria with their environments. This is particularly the case when symbiotic bacteria (whether pathogenic, commensal or mutualistic) are interacting with larger host organisms. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, secretion requires translocation across the outer as well as the inner membrane, and a diversity of molecular machines have been elaborated for this purpose. A number of secreted proteins are destined to enter the host cell (effectors and toxins), and thus several secretion systems include apparatus to translocate proteins across the plasma membrane of the host also. The Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium has been developing standardized terms for describing biological processes and cellular components that play important roles in the interactions of microbes with plant and animal hosts, including the processes of bacterial secretion. Here we survey bacterial secretion systems known to modulate interactions with host organisms and describe Gene Ontology terms useful for describing the components and functions of these systems, and for capturing the similarities among the diverse systems

The Fibers and Range of Reduction Graphs in Ciliates

The biological process of gene assembly has been modeled based on three types of string rewriting rules, called string pointer rules, defined on so-called legal strings. It has been shown that reduction graphs, graphs that are based on the notion of breakpoint graph in the theory of sorting by reversal, for legal strings provide valuable insights into the gene assembly process. We characterize which legal strings obtain the same reduction graph (up to isomorphism), and moreover we characterize which graphs are (isomorphic to) reduction graphs.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figure

Stem cell transplantation for fanconi anemia: 20 years of progressive decrease in the dose of cyclophosphamide without irradiation

La fesomia actual és de finals del segle XVIII.Primer pla, contrapicat, d'un senzill edifici d'habitatges entre mitgeres. Consta de planta baixa, quatre plantes pis i terrat, amb un volum reculat respecte el pla de façana. S'organitza en tres eixos verticals. Combina balcons amb finestretes

Rendimento de espigas verde de milho em relação ao espaçamento entre fileiras e a densidade de plantas.

Este experimento foi conduzido, no período de setembro a novembro de 2009, no município de Teresina, PI, sob regime irrigado, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento produtivo do milho, HTMV1, em diferentes espaçamentos entre fileiras (0,60 m e 0,80 m) e densidades de plantas (5,50 e 6,25 plantas m-2). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A interação espaçamento x densidade de planta não foi significativa para os rendimentos de espigas verdes com e sem palha, havendo efeitos isolados para espaçamento entre fileiras e para densidades de plantas. A redução do espaçamento entre fileiras de 0,80 m para 0,60 m proporciona aumento no rendimento de espiga verde com e sem palha. Dentro de um mesmo espaçamento o acréscimo da densidade de plantas de 5,50 plantas m-2 para 6,25 plantas m-2 proporciona aumento no rendimento de espigas verdes com e sem palha. Os rendimentos máximos de espigas verdes com palha (22.487 kg ha-1) e sem palha (14.608 kg ha-1) foram obtidos na maior densidade (6,25 plantas m-2) e no menor espaçamento (0,60 m) entre fileiras.Suplemento. Edição dos Anais do 50º Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura, Guarapari, jul. 2010

Evidence That the Periaqueductal Gray Matter Mediates the Facilitation of Panic-Like Reactions in Neonatally-Isolated Adult Rats

Plenty of evidence suggests that childhood separation anxiety (CSA) predisposes the subject to adult-onset panic disorder (PD). As well, panic is frequently comorbid with both anxiety and depression. the brain mechanisms whereby CSA predisposes to PD are but completely unknown in spite of the increasing evidence that panic attacks are mediated at midbrain's dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG). Accordingly, here we examined whether the neonatal social isolation (NSI), a model of CSA, facilitates panic-like behaviors produced by electrical stimulations of DPAG of rats as adults. Eventual changes in anxiety and depression were also assessed in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced-swimming test (FST) respectively. Male pups were subjected to 3-h daily isolations from post-natal day 2 (PN2) until weaning (PN21) allotting half of litters in individual boxes inside a sound-attenuated chamber (NSI, n = 26) whilst siblings (sham-isolated rats, SHAM, n = 27) and dam were moved to another box in a separate room. Non-handled controls (CTRL, n = 18) remained undisturbed with dams until weaning. As adults, rats were implanted with electrodes into the DPAG (PN60) and subjected to sessions of intracranial stimulation (PN65), EPM (PN66) and FST (PN67-PN68). Groups were compared by Fisher's exact test (stimulation sites), likelihood ratio chi-square tests (stimulus-response threshold curves) and Bonferroni's post hoc t-tests (EPM and FST), for P<0.05. Notably, DPAG-evoked panic-like responses of immobility, exophthalmus, trotting, galloping and jumping were markedly facilitated in NSI rats relative to both SHAM and CTRL groups. Conversely, anxiety and depression scores either did not change or were even reduced in neonatally-handled groups relative to CTRL, respectively. Data are the first behavioral evidence in animals that early-life separation stress produces the selective facilitation of panic-like behaviors in adulthood. Most importantly, results implicate the DPAG not only in panic attacks but also in separation-anxious children's predispositions to the late development of PD.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Espirito Santo (FAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Associacao Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (AFIP)Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES)FAPESUFES/AFIPUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Physiol Sci, Vitoria, ES, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Sports, Vitoria, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPES: 38.413.280/2007CNPq: 55203345/11UFES/AFIP: 23068020409/2010-43Web of Scienc

Metagenómica en la identificación de microorganismos que producen biodeterioro: patrimonio edificado con arquitectura en tierra, Vale Histórico Paulista (São Paulo, Brasil)

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar resultados obtenidos mediante análisis por metagenómica como herramienta novedosa para la identificación taxonómica de hongos y bacterias a partir de biofilms en paredes de arquitectura en tierra (“pau-a-pique”, “taipa de pilão” y adobe), de edificaciones históricas del Vale Histórico Paulista, representativas del período colonial brasileño, Se extrajo el DNA total de los biofilms, que fue amplificado mediante primers específicos para regiones variables de los genes 16S y 18S ribosomal, y luego secuenciado obteniéndose bibliotecas del amplificado. El programa QIIME reveló la diversidad taxonómica en los distintos sustratos. Los géneros más abundantes de bacterias fueron: Aciditerrimonas, Blastococcus, Geodermatophilus, Arthrobacter, Micromonospora, Nocardioides, Propionibacterium, Pseudonocardia, Rubrobacter, Solirubrobacter, Thermoleophilum, Sphingobacterium, Sphaerobacter, Streptococcus, Gemmatimonas, Methylobacterium, Microvirga, Sphingomonas, Massilia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Los géneros más abundantes de hongos: Passalora, Lacazia, Anisomeridium, Poliblastia, Hypocrea, Verrucaria, Caloplaca, Chaetomella, Meyerozima, Humicola, Oxyporus, Coriolopsis, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, Trichosporon, Mucor, Syncephalastrum. Este trabajo es el primer reporte de comunidades microbianas a partir de paredes hechas con técnicas de arquitectura en tierra con el uso de metagenómica

Complete genome sequence of the potato pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum UY031

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt of potato. Ralstonia solanacearum strain UY031 belongs to the American phylotype IIB, sequevar 1, also classified as race 3 biovar 2. Here we report the completely sequenced genome of this strain, the first complete genome for phylotype IIB, sequevar 1, and the fourth for the R. solanacearum species complex. In addition to standard genome annotation, we have carried out a curated annotation of type III effector genes, an important pathogenicity-related class of genes for this organism. We identified 60 effector genes, and observed that this effector repertoire is distinct when compared to those from other phylotype IIB strains. Eleven of the effectors appear to be nonfunctional due to disruptive mutations. We also report a methylome analysis of this genome, the first for a R. solanacearum strain. This analysis helped us note the presence of a toxin gene within a region of probable phage origin, raising the hypothesis that this gene may play a role in this strain's virulence

A methodology for determining amino-acid substitution matrices from set covers

We introduce a new methodology for the determination of amino-acid substitution matrices for use in the alignment of proteins. The new methodology is based on a pre-existing set cover on the set of residues and on the undirected graph that describes residue exchangeability given the set cover. For fixed functional forms indicating how to obtain edge weights from the set cover and, after that, substitution-matrix elements from weighted distances on the graph, the resulting substitution matrix can be checked for performance against some known set of reference alignments and for given gap costs. Finding the appropriate functional forms and gap costs can then be formulated as an optimization problem that seeks to maximize the performance of the substitution matrix on the reference alignment set. We give computational results on the BAliBASE suite using a genetic algorithm for optimization. Our results indicate that it is possible to obtain substitution matrices whose performance is either comparable to or surpasses that of several others, depending on the particular scenario under consideration