A decision making support model to determine appropriate credits for green building certification based on project delivery attributes

Green building (GB) projects require elevated levels of interdependency and interconnectedness of different technical disciplines to respond for the needs of integrated green design systems which definitely cause higher complexities throughout the processes of GB compared to the non-green buildings (NGBs). High levels of complexity in GB processes not only create higher time and cost related waste but also other specific types of waste throughout the GB project delivery process compared to the NGBs. Prior studies identified some of the waste types and related root causes for GB projects; however, a comprehensive identification and classification of waste and related root causes still remains to be a crucial necessity for the GB industry and GB literature. Waste generation within the GB project delivery process directly relates to the question whether the GB objectives and requirements can be fulfilled by the existing attributes of the project delivery team or not. Particularly, GB certification process embodies detailed requirements and specifications that lead to additional tasks for the project team which altogether elevate complexity levels of the whole project delivery process. In order to achieve GB certification, initially credits need to be selected among a large set of credits categorized under the GB rating system. Then the requirements of these selected credits and the GB rating system must be satisfied by the project and project teams. If selected GB certification credits are not suitable for the project team related GB project delivery attributes, elevated levels of time, money and labor could get wasted while attempting to fulfill the additional requirements of GB design, construction and certification. Considering GB project attributes is critical for the analysis and optimization of GB project delivery since project attributes affect the outcomes that determine the overall success of GB projects. Hence, there is an obvious necessity for having a decision-making model to tackle with the complexities of GB projects and provide a guideline for determining appropriate GB certification credits in accordance with the project delivery attributes; however, such a model is currently absent in the GB literature. This Ph.D. study addresses these needs by (1) by examining waste and related root causes in detail for GB project delivery process, (2) analyzing project delivery attributes that play major role in ensuring successful completion of GB projects under a hierarchical framework, and (3) developing a multi-attribute decision making support model from this hierarchical framework to determine resource efficient credits for GB certification. On the road of developing a decision making support model, I initially identified and classified waste types and related root causes, then investigated the cause-effect relation between them by ranking them according to their negative impacts on time and cost in design and construction phases of GB project delivery process determined from a case study that includes three GB projects and performing a two-rounded Delphi Method. Drawing from my findings, I focused on two GB project delivery attributes, i.e. timing of project teams’ involvement and qualifications of project teams, which play a crucial role for ensuring successful completion of GB projects while enduring minimal waste in GB project delivery process. Based on these two attributes, I built a hierarchical framework to assign relative weights to these attributes, and to constitute the basis of my decision making support model. Towards the achievement of my grand vision, I developed this hierarchical framework into an integrated decision making support model, namely Green Building-Credit Selection (GB-CS) Model, to determine appropriate and resource efficient (i.e. time, cost and labor) GB certification credits that suit the particular attributes of GB project delivery. The GB-CS Model employs the combined use of Delphi Method based weight assignment approach and TOPSIS. The GB-CS Model (1) designates relative weights to hierarchically designed project delivery attributes through Delphi Method based weight assignment process, and (2) determines appropriate credits in accordance with GB project delivery attributes via TOPSIS. I developed the GB-CS Model based on LEED® 2009 NC under BD+C Rating System. I tested and validated the GB-CS Model by conducting a case study on a LEED® registered residential project. This integrated study formalizes the identification and classification of process waste with their related root causes for GB projects and reveals the cause-effect relationship between them which come together as a multi-attribute decision making support model that aid the optimization of GB project delivery and allows obtaining better outcomes from GB projects through minimizing the root causes of elevated waste and mitigating associated hidden costs. This multi-attribute model provides an interconnected decision making guideline which assesses the particular conditions of the project and project team before deciding to follow a GB rating system and determines the appropriate GB certification credits that are more likely to be obtained in an efficient and effective manner considering the particular attributes of GB project delivery. Properly selected GB certification credits would optimize GB project delivery by mitigating the excess levels of waste generated to fulfill the additional requirements of GB design, construction and certification. The GB-CS Model proposes to give the GB industry and literature the upper hand by facilitating GB project delivery with an adaptive guidance model that quantifies the outcomes of Green decisions and ensures the successful completion of GB projects.Green building (GB) projects require elevated levels of interdependency and interconnectedness of different technical disciplines to respond for the needs of integrated green design systems which definitely cause higher complexities throughout the processes of GB compared to the non-green buildings (NGBs). High levels of complexity in GB processes not only create higher time and cost related waste but also other specific types of waste throughout the GB project delivery process compared to the NGBs. Prior studies identified some of the waste types and related root causes for GB projects; however, a comprehensive identification and classification of waste and related root causes still remains to be a crucial necessity for the GB industry and GB literature. Waste generation within the GB project delivery process directly relates to the question whether the GB objectives and requirements can be fulfilled by the existing attributes of the project delivery team or not. Particularly, GB certification process embodies detailed requirements and specifications that lead to additional tasks for the project team which altogether elevate complexity levels of the whole project delivery process. In order to achieve GB certification, initially credits need to be selected among a large set of credits categorized under the GB rating system. Then the requirements of these selected credits and the GB rating system must be satisfied by the project and project teams. If selected GB certification credits are not suitable for the project team related GB project delivery attributes, elevated levels of time, money and labor could get wasted while attempting to fulfill the additional requirements of GB design, construction and certification. Considering GB project attributes is critical for the analysis and optimization of GB project delivery since project attributes affect the outcomes that determine the overall success of GB projects. Hence, there is an obvious necessity for having a decision-making model to tackle with the complexities of GB projects and provide a guideline for determining appropriate GB certification credits in accordance with the project delivery attributes; however, such a model is currently absent in the GB literature. This Ph.D. study addresses these needs by (1) by examining waste and related root causes in detail for GB project delivery process, (2) analyzing project delivery attributes that play major role in ensuring successful completion of GB projects under a hierarchical framework, and (3) developing a multi-attribute decision making support model from this hierarchical framework to determine resource efficient credits for GB certification. On the road of developing a decision making support model, I initially identified and classified waste types and related root causes, then investigated the cause-effect relation between them by ranking them according to their negative impacts on time and cost in design and construction phases of GB project delivery process determined from a case study that includes three GB projects and performing a two-rounded Delphi Method. Drawing from my findings, I focused on two GB project delivery attributes, i.e. timing of project teams’ involvement and qualifications of project teams, which play a crucial role for ensuring successful completion of GB projects while enduring minimal waste in GB project delivery process. Based on these two attributes, I built a hierarchical framework to assign relative weights to these attributes, and to constitute the basis of my decision making support model. Towards the achievement of my grand vision, I developed this hierarchical framework into an integrated decision making support model, namely Green Building-Credit Selection (GB-CS) Model, to determine appropriate and resource efficient (i.e. time, cost and labor) GB certification credits that suit the particular attributes of GB project delivery. The GB-CS Model employs the combined use of Delphi Method based weight assignment approach and TOPSIS. The GB-CS Model (1) designates relative weights to hierarchically designed project delivery attributes through Delphi Method based weight assignment process, and (2) determines appropriate credits in accordance with GB project delivery attributes via TOPSIS. I developed the GB-CS Model based on LEED® 2009 NC under BD+C Rating System. I tested and validated the GB-CS Model by conducting a case study on a LEED® registered residential project. This integrated study formalizes the identification and classification of process waste with their related root causes for GB projects and reveals the cause-effect relationship between them which come together as a multi-attribute decision making support model that aid the optimization of GB project delivery and allows obtaining better outcomes from GB projects through minimizing the root causes of elevated waste and mitigating associated hidden costs. This multi-attribute model provides an interconnected decision making guideline which assesses the particular conditions of the project and project team before deciding to follow a GB rating system and determines the appropriate GB certification credits that are more likely to be obtained in an efficient and effective manner considering the particular attributes of GB project delivery. Properly selected GB certification credits would optimize GB project delivery by mitigating the excess levels of waste generated to fulfill the additional requirements of GB design, construction and certification. The GB-CS Model proposes to give the GB industry and literature the upper hand by facilitating GB project delivery with an adaptive guidance model that quantifies the outcomes of Green decisions and ensures the successful completion of GB projects.DIPARTIMENTO DI ARCHITETTURA, INGEGNERIA DELLE COSTRUZIONI E AMBIENTE COSTRUITO27PIZZI, EMILIOGRECCHI, MANUEL

Xylanase Production from Trichoderma harzianum 1073 D3 with Alternative Carbon and Nitrogen Sources

The effect of some natural wastes (orange pomace, orange peel, lemon pomace, lemon peel, apple pomace, pear peel, banana peel, melon peel and hazelnut shell) on the production of xylanase from Trichoderma harzianum 1073 D3 has been studied and maximum activity has been observed on melon peel (26.5 U/mg of protein) followed by apple pomace and hazelnut shell. Also, molasses could be used as an additional carbon source as it decreased the production time approximately by 50 %. Finally, potential alternatives of organic nitrogen source (cotton leaf and soybean residue wastes) were analyzed and it was concluded that peptone could be replaced with these residues especially when economics of the process is the major objective

Production of Lactase by Trichoderma sp.

In order to find an alternative fungal source, 13 different fungi (Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Fusarium sp.) were cultured in lactase production medium at 30 °C and 150 rpm for 6 days. Experimental results showed that Trichoderma viride ATCC 32098 has maximum lactase specific activity, followed by Trichoderma harzianum 1073 D3. In addition, the studies of stability were carried out in the pH range of 3.0–7.5 at the temperature between 20 and 70 °C. It was observed that the activity of lactase produced from T. viride ATCC 32098 was above 90 % in the pH range of 3.0–7.5 at the temperature between 20 and 60 °C, and even 66 % at 70 °C. It was concluded that Trichoderma sp., especially T. viride ATCC 32098, could be used as an alternative for the production of lactase in industrial scale

Cardiac resynchronization therapy in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava draining into coronary sinus

13th International Congress of Update in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (UCCVS) -- MAR 23-26, 2017 -- Cesme, TURKE

Hypericum spp. volatile profiling and the potential significance in the quality control of new valuable raw material

he genus Hypericum (Guttiferae) is one of the most representative species in temperate zones and Turkey is one of the most important Mediterranean sites. Due to the increasing commercial value of Hyperici herba (Hypericum perforatum), many wild Turkish Hypericum species have received currently a considerable renewed interest as potential substitutes of the well-established H. perforatum crops for their similar content in the standardization bioactives (hypericins, hyperforins, and flavonoids). The present paper reported the volatile fingerprints of three selected wild Turkish Hypericum species recently characterized as H. perforatum bioactive-like profiles but lacking of the requested well-established usage in the EU market. In this context, the volatile constituents of the three-selected Hypericum spp. were investigated as additional discriminating markers to enhance the likelihood that this adulterating plant raw material will be detected before it is incorporated into finished H. perforatum products

Effect of Coronary Slow Flow on Intrinsicoid Deflection of QRS Complex

Coronary slow flow is a rare, clinically important entity observed in acute coronary syndrome. The pathophysiological mechanism is not fully elucidated. We investigated patients with chest pain who had angiographic features consistent with the coronary slow flow. One hundred ten patients were included. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, and angiography results were retrospectively noted. The mean age was 56.4. Fifty-eight were male, and fifty-two were female. The control group consisted of patients with normal angiography. Patients had higher diastolic blood pressure, lower mean ejection fraction, higher average left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and higher mean left atrial size than the control group (p=0.009,p=0.017,p=0.041,andp<0.001, resp.). Patients had higher average V1 ID, V6 ID, P wave dispersion, TFC LAD, TFC Cx, TFC RCA, and TFC levels than the control group. A significant linear positive relationship was found between the V1 ID and the TFC LAD, TFC Cx, TFC RCA, and TFC; also between the V6 ID and the TFC LAD, TFC Cx, TFC RCA, and TFC. Angiographic and electrocardiographic features are suggestive and diagnostic for the coronary slow flow syndrome. Although when regarded as a benign condition, coronary slow flow should be diagnosed, followed up, and treated as many of laboratory features suggest ischemic events

Benefit of CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks

Introduction: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) reduce the risk of sudden death in eligible patients. However, it is thought that there is a relationship between the ICD shocks and increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we examined the relationship between ICD shocks and the CHA2DS2-VASc scoring, which has gained frequent use in predicting cardiac events recently. Material and Methods: Retrospective baseline characteristics and three-year follow-ups of patients with ICDs with appropriate indication were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who have received ICD shock(s) and patients who have not received any ICD shock. These groups were compared for baseline characteristics and CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Results: CHA2DS2-VASc scores of heart failure (HF) patients in our study population were significantly higher than those who did not receive any shock within three years following the ICD implantation. The rate of appropriate or inappropriate ICD shocks was %16 in the HF patients implanted with ICD for primary prevention while it was %66 in patients implanted with ICD for secondary prevention. The incidence of atrial fibrillation was 68% in 37 patients who received inappropriate shock while it was 7% in those who did not receive inappropriate shock (those who received appropriate shocks or did not receive any shock) (p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated a relation between the CHA2DS2-VASc score and appropriate and inappropriate ICD shocks. The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a simple tool that may predict ICD shocks

BIM tabanlı LEED endüstriyel bina ve LEED olmayan endüstriyel bina için karşılaştırmalı çalışma

This study intends to do architectural and structural designs of a sustainable industrial building using BIM and LEED as well as compare the LEED industrial building and non-LEED industrial building. In this scope, the additional costs related to water and energy efficient systems were analyzed to calculate the respective break-even points. Literature review and case study were performed to achieve the research objective. In the case study, a reinforced concrete industrial building was designed via Autodesk Revit 2021 considering the selected sustainability criteria under the LEED v4.1 BD+C for New Construction rating system. The LEED industrial building can fulfill 31 credits and 8 prerequisites which allow to obtain 73 points and LEED Gold certificate. The initial cost of LEED industrial building is 154.222.607 TL while the initial cost of non-LEED industrial building is 139.080.060 TL. Break-even point for the cost of energy-efficient systems utilized in the LEED industrial building is 14 years. Breakeven point for the cost of water-efficient systems utilized in the LEED industrial building is 8 years. Results contribute to the architecture, engineering and construction industry and literature by providing constructive information about the design requirements and energy, water, and cost performance of the LEED industrial buildings.Bu çalışma BIM ve LEED kullanarak sürdürülebilir bir endüstriyel binanın mimari ve statik tasarımlarını yapmayı ve LEED endüstriyel bina ve LEED olmayan endüstriyel binayı karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, su ve enerji verimli sistemlerle ilgili ek maliyetler analiz edilerek ilgili başabaş noktaları hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma amacını gerçekleştirmek için literatür taraması ve vaka çalışması yapılmıştır. Vaka analizinde, betonarme bir endüstriyel bina Autodesk Revit 2021 ile Yeni İnşaat için LEED v4.1 BD+C değerlendirme sistemi altındaki seçilen sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri göz önünde bulundurularak tasarlanmıştır. LEED endüstriyel binası, 73 puan ve LEED Gold sertifikası almayı sağlayan 31 kredi ve 8 ön koşulu yerine getirebilmektedir. LEED endüstriyel binanın başlangıç maliyeti 154.222.607 TL iken, LEED olmayan endüstriyel binanın başlangıç maliyeti 139.080.060 TL'dir. LEED endüstriyel binasında kullanılan enerji verimli sistemlerin maliyeti için başabaş noktası 14 yıldır. LEED endüstriyel binasında kullanılan su verimli sistemlerin maliyeti için başabaş noktası 8 yıldır. Sonuçlar, LEED endüstriyel binalarının tasarım gereksinimleri ve enerji, su ve maliyet performansı hakkında yapıcı bilgiler sağlayarak mimarlık, mühendislik ve inşaat endüstrisine ve literatürüne katkıda bulunur

DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN DİFFERENT PLANT PARTS OF S. MOLLIS TAXA

The volatile oil composition and secondary metabolite content in different parts of S. mollis ssp. mollis and S. mollis ssp. szowitzii were investigated in this study. Based on their chemical composition, the components of the S. mollis ssp. mollis and S. mollis ssp. szowitzii plant species could be distinguished in the current study. Using GC-MS analysis, 70 distinct volatile oil components could be found in various plant sections of this species. Avicularin, Biapigenin, and Hyperoside were found in the highest concentrations in all plant parts of both species. Further, Catechine and Chlorogenic acid could be detected in all plant parts of S. mollis ssp. mollis. The volatile oil composition and secondary metabolite content of different parts of this investigated two species revealed high variability, displayed by Biplot Analysis. Different components of medicinal importance could be detected in different parts of this species. These compounds could be isolated and used for further basic investigations