Meaning of the Küçük Menderes graben in the tectonic framework of the central Menderes metamorphic core complex (western Turkey)

Unusually steep, high-angle south-dipping normal faults, that separate the metamorphic rocks of the Menderes massif from the Neogene sedimentary deposits, occur in the northern Küçük Menderes graben in western Turkey. These faults probably reached their current position as a result of the special tectonic framework of the central Menderes metamorphic core complex. This area experienced further exhumation along with the rolling hinges of faults limiting Alasehir and Büyük Menderes grabens, giving rise to a huge syncline in the region. This regional structure would be most likely responsible for the present position of the high-angle graben bounding normal faults that rotated along a horizontal axis. However, recent studies in the same area claim for the development of reverse faulting between the metamorphic basement and the Neogene sedimentary units, and present this observation as evidence for a supposed Miocene-Pliocene regional contractional regime in western Turkey. Even if these reverse faults or other post-Miocene contractional structures existed in the central Menderes massif, they would not afford evidence of regional contraction since its generation could be related to the contractional area that would have developed along the axial zone of the huge syncline in the central Menderes massif, in its turn resulting from a regional extensional process that took place during the further exhumation stage

The 2005 - 2007 Bala (Ankara, central Turkey) earthquakes : a case study for strike-slip fault terminations

An intense seismic activity has been observed after the Bala (Ankara, NW central Turkey) earthquakes (30 July 2005: Mw=5.3, 20 December 2007: Mw=5.4, and 26 December 2007: Mw=5.3), continuing up to the present. The epicenters and the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquakes indicate that the right lateral strike-slip Afşar fault, trending N55-60°W, is responsible for the main shocks. The Afşar fault is thought to be the NW continuation of the Tuzgölü fault zone, which is one of the main neotectonic elements in central Anatolia. On the other hand, the aftershock distributions of the 2005 event have a NNE trend, and those of the 2007 event show a NW trending. Some focal mechanism solutions of the 2005 Bala earthquake aftershocks indicate normal and oblique normal faulting that corresponds to the NNE-trending Karakeçili fault. It seems that seismic activation of the NNE-trending Karakeçili fault was triggered by the 2005 main shock (Mw=5.3) that occurred on the NW-trending right lateral strike-slip Afşar fault. The overall neotectonic framework is that the northwestern edge of the Tuzgölü fault zone, represented by the Afşar fault in Bala, terminates in an extensional system represented by the oblique-slip Karakeçili faul

Meaning of the Küçuk Menderes graben in the tectonic framework of the central Menderes metamorphic core complex (western Turkey)

Unusually steep, high-angle south-dipping normal faults, that separate the metamorphic rocks of the Menderes massif from the Neogene sedimentary deposits, occur in the northern Küçük Menderes graben in western Turkey. These faults probably reached their current position as a result of the special tectonic framework of the central Menderes metamorphic core complex. This area experienced further exhumation along with the rolling hinges of faults limiting Alasehir and Büyük Menderes grabens, giving rise to a huge syncline in the region. This regional structure would be most likely responsible for the present position of the high-angle graben bounding normal faults that rotated along a horizontal axis. However, recent studies in the same area claim for the development of reverse faulting between the metamorphic basement and the Neogene sedimentary units, and present this observation as evidence for a supposed Miocene–Pliocene regional contractional regime in western Turkey. Even if these reverse faults or other post-Miocene contractional structures existed in the central Menderes massif, they would not afford evidence of regional contraction since its generation could be related to the contractional area that would have developed along the axial zone of the huge syncline in the central Menderes massif, in its turn resulting from a regional extensional process that took place during the further exhumation stage

Fear and anxiety as hindrances to restaurant experience in the post-viral world: a qualitative study

This study explores consumers’ restaurant dining perceptions and experiences during the Covid-19 era to propose a model of restaurant dining perceptions and experiences during a pandemic. Therefore, it also examines the link between restaurant dining perceptions and experiences. Adopting a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with restaurant consumers and examined through content analysis. The findings reveal that consumers’ fear and anxiety cause them to keep away from dining out at restaurants. Furthermore, restaurant experience is mainly determined by consumers’ negative perceptions and restaurant choosing criteria. Finally, a model explaining the inter-relationships of restaurant dining perceptions, experiences, and restaurant selecting criteria was presented. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by exploring Turkish customers’ restaurant dining perceptions and experiences during the current health crisis. Understanding restaurant customers’ dining perceptions and experiences will be beneficial for both scholars and practitioners to draw a picture of restaurant customers’ perceptions and experiences during a pandemic.publishe

Welche perioperative Parameter determinieren das Risiko einer akuten Mesenterialischämie nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen?

Die akute mesenteriale Ischämie ist eine seltene, jedoch schwerwiegende Komplikation nach einem vorausgegangenen kardiochirurgischen Eingriff, die in der Literatur mit einer Inzidenz von 0,3%-3% angegeben wird und eine Letalität zwischen 60%-80% aufweist. Um die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit der betroffenen Patienten zu erhöhen, muss die mesenteriale Ischämie möglichst früh erkannt und behandelt werden. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, perioperative Risikofaktoren zu determinieren, mit deren Hilfe es möglich ist, einen Prognosescore für die Entwicklung der Darmischämie zu generieren. Dabei wurden präoperative Begleiterkrankungen sowie der klinische Zustand, intraoperative Faktoren, und zuletzt postoperativ auf der Intensivstation erhobene Parameter analysiert

Neotectonics of Turkey (Türkiye) and surrounding regions: a new perspective with block modelling

This paper aims to present a new neotectonic perspective concordant with the seismic activities in Turkey and surrounding regions. The neotectonic structures have been re-evaluated mainly by using focal mechanism solutions and high-resolution satellite (Google Earth) images. The Southeast Anatolian Wedge explains thrust/blind thrust and asymmetrical folding relationship in SE Turkey, Syria, and Northern Iraq. The neotectonic structures of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau are enlightened by the rhomboidal cell model which creates a base to determine multiple intersection points between the region-wide left- and right-lateral shear zones. The releasing stepover between the North Anatolian Fault Zone and Southeast Anatolian-Zagros Fault Zone plus their connections with the Northeast Anatolian Fault Zone and the East Anatolian Fault Zone are described in a more meaningful way with the Anatolian Diagonal concept. It also clarifies the role of left-lateral shear zone in the west-southwest movement of Anatolian plate and its relationship with the Aegean and Cyprus arcs. A neotectonic region under the influence of NW-SE contraction is determined between the North Anatolian, Eskişehir, and Kırıkkale-Erbaa fault zones in which the Elmadağ-Eldivan and Abdüsselam pinched crustal wedges and the Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone are developed. A new route for the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone is determined between Bolu and Değirmenlik (Milos) Island in the Aegean Sea via Mudurnu, Bursa, Balıkesir, and İzmir. All main neotectonic structures mentioned in this paper are evaluated by the elastic dislocation modelling and new neotectonic provinces are suggested

From ductile to brittle: evolution and localization of deformation below a crustal detachment (Tinos, Cyclades, Greece)

International audienceThe Cycladic Oligo-Miocene detachment of Tinos island is an example of a flat-lying extensional shear zone evolving into a low-angle brittle detachment. A clear continuum of extensional strain from ductile to brittle regime is observed in the footwall. The main brittle structures marking extension are shallow- and steeply dipping normal faults associated with subvertical extensional joints and veins. The earliest brittle structures are lowangle normal faults which commonly superimpose on, and reactivate, earlier (precursory) ductile shear bands, but newly formed low-angle normal faults could also be observed. Low-angle normal faults are cut by late steeply dipping normal faults. The inversion of fault slip data collected within, and away from, the main detachment zone shows that the direction of the minimum stress axis is strictly parallel to the NE-SW stretching lineation and that the maximum principal stress axis remained subvertical during the whole brittle evolution, in agreement with the subvertical attitude of veins throughout the island. The high angle of s1 to the main detachment suggests that the detachment was weak. This observation, together with the presence of a thick layer of cataclasites below the main detachment and the kinematic continuum from ductile to brittle, leads us to propose a kinematic model for the formation of the detachment. Boudinage at the crustal scale induces formation, near the brittle-ductile transition, of ductile shear zones near the edges of boudins. Shear zones are progressively exhumed and replaced by shallowdipping cataclastic shear zones when they reached the brittle field. Most of the displacement is achieved through cataclastic flow in the upper crust and only the last increment of strain gives rise to the formation of brittle faults. The formation of the low-angle brittle detachment is thus ''prepared'' by the ductile shear zone and the cataclasites and favored by the circulation of surface-derived fluids in the shear zone

Tectonic geomorphology and deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) in the Acigol Graben, Turkiye

The Sogut Mountains is a fault-bounded carbonate range situated between the active Acigol and Akgol grabens in southwestern Turkiye. The southwestern sector of the Acigol Graben floor displays an array of faults that have produced peculiar intra-basin half-grabens with local lakes and drainages. The conspicuous geomorphic expression of the intra-basin faults and depressions in this sector of the basin is attributed to low sedimentation rate (i.e., starved basin) related to very limited runoff and sediment supply from the southwestern carbonate margin of the basin, dominated by subsurface drainage in a carbonate bedrock strongly affected by gravitational deformation and karstification. Detailed mapping reveals the presence of large landslides and extensive DSGSDs in the mountain fronts flanking the Sogut Mountains, showing ridge-top depression, uphill-facing scarps, highrelief downhill-facing scarps, and toe bulges. Cartographic relationships provide insights into the development and evolution of the deformations in the slopes that experience continuous tectonic rejuvenation and debuttressing. DSGSDs and large landslides take advantage of secondary synthetic tectonic faults, in which gravitational and tectonic displacement are superposed. The transformation of DSGSDs into large to giant short runout landslides (up to ca. 3.5 Gm(3)) occurs mainly on laterally unconfined slopes associated with bends and stepovers in the basin-bounding faults. Seismicity is likely the main triggering factor controlling the kinematics of the gravitational deformations and landslides. Cartographic evidence indicate downslope propagation of the gravitational deformation (uphill-facing-scarps and associated troughs) in the tectonically growing slopes. Additionally, preferential development of solution sinkholes is observed in gravitationally distorted slopes with impeded surface drainage.Ankara University Scientific Research Project [21L0649002]; Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) [PID2021-123189NB-I00]This work is financially supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Project (21L0649002) . The first author is thankful to Harun Tuncel for his assistance during the field campaigns, to Cengiz Y & imath;ld & imath;r & imath;m for his suggestions during the study, and to Eren Sahiner for analyzing OSL data. The work by FG has been supported by the project DIAPERNO (PID2021-123189NB-I00) of the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion)

The geoelectrical structure of northwestern Anatolia, Turkey

The magnetotelluric method has been employed to generate a geoelectrical model that will reveal the rich geological pattern and dynamic character of western and northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Magnetotelluric data were collected from 53 sites along a profile of 290 km from the Dardanelles to the Alasehir Graben. Magnetotelluric data were in the range of 0.00055 Hz to 320 Hz. The models were obtained through 2-D joint inversion of transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. Lateral changes in geoelectrical models are verified by using gravity and magnetic data. In addition, some of the seismological data presented here agree with proposed models that suggest a brittle-ductile structure boundary at a depth of 20 km. Generally speaking, a regional extensional regime caused reduction in the thickness of the crust and consequent uplift towards the south. The constructed model delineates the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone along the Biga Peninsula. The current patterns of volcanic activity on the Biga Peninsula and at Kula are related to conductive spots presented in the models. The border of the Gordes Basin, located between the Izmir - Ankara suture zone and the Menderes Massif, is also well delineated. The North Anatolian Fault Zone presents a pattern in which density and susceptibility anomalies attain relatively high values. Fillings covering most of the surface have lower density and susceptibility values than those of underlying structures