Dynamic Selection of Symmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms for Securing Data Based on Various Parameters

Most of the information is in the form of electronic data. A lot of electronic data exchanged takes place through computer applications. Therefore information exchange through these applications needs to be secure. Different cryptographic algorithms are usually used to address these security concerns. However, along with security there are other factors that need to be considered for practical implementation of different cryptographic algorithms like implementation cost and performance. This paper provides comparative analysis of time taken for encryption by seven symmetric key cryptographic algorithms (AES, DES, Triple DES, RC2, Skipjack, Blowfish and RC4) with variation of parameters like different data types, data density, data size and key sizes.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Fifth International Conference on Communications Security & Information Assurance (CSIA 2014) May 24~25, 2014, Delhi, Indi

Development of stripper harvester for paddy

Konkan is the coastal part of Maharashtra between Western Ghat and Arabian seacoast. Rice is a major crop grown over 3.86 lakh hectares. Stripper harvesting technology, which strips only seeds and keeps straw erect-ed in the field present bright prospect for the development of small, light, efficient mechanism by reducing number of operation with increased capacity and lesser power compared to conventional cutter bar combine harvester. The big machines like combine harvester and high capacity threshers for harvesting and threshing have limitations. A proto-type of paddy stripper harvester was developed considering the limitation of Konkan like small, fragmented land, hilly, terrace farming and high rainfall. It consisted of stripping mechanism, grain tank, hydraulic system, steering system, gear box, engine, cage wheel and chassis. The arrangement of V-belt and set of pulleys were made to transmit power from gear box to stripper rotor. The effect of forward speed and peripheral speed on shattered and un-stripped grain loss was studied. The shattered grain loss was decreased with increase in forward speed whereas decreased initially and then increased with increase in peripheral speed. The un-stripped grain loss was decreased with increase in forward and peripheral speed. The performance of the developed prototype was found better at forward speed of 2.25 km/h and peripheral speed of 19.78 m/s. During final testing of prototype, shattered and un-stripped grain loss was found 5.95 and 1.89 %, respectively. The average field capacity and field efficiency of paddy stripper harvester machine was found 0.14 ha/h and 69.38 per cent respectively

Corrélation entre l'expression de HIF tronc cérébral et la réponse ventilatoire à l'hypoxie chez les rats et les souris

Compte tenu de la faible disponibilité de l’oxygène (hypoxie) en haute altitude, l’adaptation à ce milieu constitue un vrai défi pour les espèces adaptées au niveau de la mer. Aussi, le rat et la souris constituent un modèle pertinent pour la compréhension des facteurs qui contribuent à une bonne adaptation en haute altitude. En effet, les rats et les souris de laboratoire élevées à haute altitude durant plusieurs générations possèdent un phénotype différent: les souris présentent une plus importante ventilation, des valeurs d’hématocrite/ hémoglobine diminuées et une hypertension pulmonaire réduite. Ces différences indiquent une mauvaise adaptation des rats qui montrent également une importante mortalité en haute altitude. Néanmoins, les mécanismes impliqués dans cette différence entre ces deux espèces ne sont pas connus. Nous avons donc recherché dans un premier temps si les différences observées entre rats et souris sont également présentent au niveau de la mer, puis dans un second temps si cela avait un lien avec l'expression du senseur moléculaire d'oxygène HIF (Hypoxia Inducible Factor). Nous avons mené une étude au niveau de la mer (Québec, Canada - 98m) pour comparer les réponses ventilatoire et moléculaire entre les rats et les souris. Pour se faire, les animaux sont exposés pendant 6 heures à différents gradients d’oxygène : 21%, 15%, et 12% O2. La ventilation est mesurée par pléthysmographie à corps entier. La consommation d’oxygène (VO2) et la production de CO2 (VCO2) sont évaluées durant la même période d’exposition. Après 6 heures d’exposition, les animaux sont anesthésiés et le tronc cérébral rapidement prélevé pour effectuer une mesure de l’expression de HIF-1α à l’aide de la technique ELISA (Enzyme LinkImmunosorbent Assay). Comparé aux rats, les souris présentent une élévation du débit ventilatoire, une diminution de la VO2 et de la VCO2 et une augmentation de l’équivalant ventilatoire à l’O2 (Ve/VO2) et au CO2 (Ve/VCO2) durant l’exposition à 15 et 12% d’O2. De plus, l’expression de HIF-1α au niveau du tronc cérébral est plus élevée chez les souris en comparaison à celui des rats. En conclusion, la différence de la réponse ventilatoire à l’hypoxie peut être liée à la différence d’expression de HIF-1α au niveau du tronc cérébral. Ces resultantssuggèrent que les souris possèdent une prédisposition génétique permettant une réponse adaptée en milieu hypoxique et pouvant aisément expliquer la facilité que possède cette espèce à survivre et à établir sa colonie en haute altitude. Mot clés : Hypoxie, haute altitude, réponse ventilatoire à l’hypoxie, tronc cérébral, HIF.Successful adaptation at high altitude is very challenging for sea level natives due to the low level of available oxygen (hypoxia). Rats and mice offer an interesting model to understand the factors that contribute to efficient adaptation to high altitude. Indeed, laboratory rats and mice that have been raised at high altitude for several generations have a different phenotype with mice showing higher ventilation, lower hematocrit/hemoglobin values, and lower pulmonary hypertension. These differences are clearly a failure of adaptation to high altitude in rats, as underlined by data showing high mortality in the colony of high altitude rats. However the underlying mechanisms behind these differences are poorly understood. We sought to address whether these differences are also apparent in mice and rats living at Sea level, and if they are related to different responses of the O2 molecular sensor HIF (Hypoxia Inducible Factor). To test these hypotheses, we chose to perform the study at sea level i.e. at Quebec City, Canada (98m) to compare the ventilatory and molecular responses in male rats and mice. The animals were exposed to different oxygen gradients 21%O2, 15 % O2 and 12% O2 for 6 hours. Ventilation was measured by whole bodyplethysmography, oxygen consumption (VO2) and CO2 production rate (VCO2) were also measured during the exposure. After the 6 hour’s exposure, the animals were anesthetised, and the brainstem quickly dissected, Brainstem HIF-1α expression was measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Compared to rats, mice had higher minute ventilation, lower VO2, VCO2, and higher ventilatory equivalent to oxygen and carbon dioxide, (Ve/VO2, Ve/VCO2) at 15% and 12% O2. In addition, mice also had higher brainstem HIF-1α expression compared to rats. We conclude that the differences in ventilatory responses to hypoxia at sea level might be due to differences in expression of HIF-1α in the brainstem. This suggests that mice have a genetic pre-disposition that ensure adequate response to hypoxia. This trait helps to explain that mice are able to survive and successfully establish natural colonies at high altitude. Key Words: Hypoxia, high altitude, hypoxic ventilatory response, Brainstem, HIF

Study the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Funds of Usha Martin for Socio-economic Development in Ranchi District of Jharkhand

The impact of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) funds was studied in Hutup village in Ormanjhi Block of Ranchi district of Jharkhand, where CSR sponsored project was implemented by KGVK under the guidance of Usha Martin Ranchi for improving the quality of life of the work fore and their families as well as of the community and society at a large. Out of total 270 beneficiaries 30 farmers were selected as respondents in the study. It was observed that 27.40 percent of farmers come below the socio-economic status group, whereas 61.1240 in medium and 11.48% comes from a high socio-economic status group. Due to the creation of water harvesting structure in the village overall 38.21% assured irrigation has been increased. The productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables has been increased 76.47, 116.66, 125 and 88.23 percent respectively, resulting thereby 24.56, 52.94, 60.86 and 83.33 percent income of farmers has been increased through cultivation of Cereal, Pulses, Oilseeds and vegetables respectively. Result reveals that development of water harvesting structure is an important intervention for enhancing production and productivity of agricultural crops in Jharkhand. The results also suggested that demonstration of improved production technologies coupled with capacity building of farmers through trainings of improved package of practices of different crops and vegetables as well as timely input support services increase the production and availability of local market for selling of produce at remunerative price enhance the income of farmers.

Functional outcome of proximal tibia intra-articular fractures after open reduction and internal fixation

Background: Tibial plateau fractures are common fractures which constitute approximately 1% of all fractures. These involves the particular area of tibia and difficult to manage. These fractures require absolute stable fixation to improve the function and to prevent the post traumatic arthritis. We aim assess the functional outcome of patients in proximal tibia fractures treated with ORIF. Methods: Patients assessed at OPD visits with knee injury and Osteoarthritis score (KOOS) and Westerna Ontario and Mc-master university OA index (WOMAC). With informed consent patients are assessed one year after fixation of fractures and data recorded in case record forms. Results: Out of 74 patients studied, majority belonged to age group 21 to 40 years old (44 cases, 59.45%); followed by 21 cases (36.48%) from age group 41-60 years old. 7 patients (9.45%) were found in age groups 61 to 80 years old. Mean KOOS scores shows FAIR outcome in type I, type II, type III and type IV Schatzkers. While poor outcome was found in type V and type V and type VI. High energy trauma is associated with poor functional outcome as compared to low energy trauma. Mean WOMAC scores are found good in type I, type II fractures while fair outcome found in type III and type IV, poor outcome observed in type V and type VI Schatzkers type. Conclusions: As per this study we concluded that fractures treated with ORIF showed good functional outcome. ORIF with buttress plate gives good to fair results.

Assessment patient satisfaction after total hip replacement in Indian population

Background: We aim to assess the satisfaction of patients after total hip replacement in Indian population. Nоwаdаys tоtаl hiр аrthrорlаsty is the finаl treаtment орtiоn рrоvided tо раtients with unsаlvаgeаble, severely аrthritiс, раinful аnd defоrmed hiрs. Раtient sаtisfасtiоn hаs been meаsured in multiрle оrthораediс рrосedures, inсluding tоtаl hiр аrthrорlаsty. THА is а соmmоn surgiсаl рrосedure thаt imрrоves the lives оf раtients with end-stаge аrthritis by deсreаsing раin, аnd imрrоving mоtоr function and mоbility аs measured by vаlidаted heаlth-relаted оutсоme tооls. Methods: Patients were assessed at OPD visit or with telephonic conversation scores are calculated and mentioned in excel sheet. Post-surgery satisfaction score is the score created to measure the satisfaction after total hip replacement. This score contains different questionnaires. These questions include inquiry about relieve of pain, ability to do daily routine activities, requirement of walking aids etc. Score contains total 7 questions with answers. Results: Out of 95 patients we found through this study that about 92.63% of patients are satisfied after total hip replacement. 7.37% of patients are dissatisfied. Satisfaction rate is more as compared to dissatisfaction rate. Conclusions: In present study we have tried to eliminate other factors responsible for dissatisfaction such as hospital ward cleanliness, hospital administration, patient and hospital staff communication. We recommend total hip replacement surgery for end stage arthritis and is more beneficial to the patients in terms of improvement in post-operative pain and function

Assessment patient satisfaction after total knee replacement in Indian population

Background: We aim to assess the satisfaction of patients after total Knee replacement in Indian population. Tоtаl knee Аrthrорlаsty is most commonly performed for osteoarthritis, and also for other knee diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Knee reрlасement surgeries helрs tо restоre nоrmаl meсhаniсs during level wаlking аs well аs mоre demanding аnd соmрlex асtivities suсh аs stаir negоtiаtiоn. Раtient sаtisfасtiоn rаtes fоr the рrосedure hаve been reроrted between 81-97%. However, this leаves а signifiсаnt роrtiоn оf the TKR рорulаtiоn аs dissаtisfied with the оutсоmes оf the reрlасed knee. Methods: Patients were assessed at opd visit or with telephonic conversation and scores are calculated and mentioned in excel sheet. Post surgery satisfaction (PSS) score is the score created to measure the satisfaction after total hip replacement. This score contains different questionnaires. These questions include inquiry about relief of pain, ability to do daily routine activities, requirement of walking aids etc. Score contains total 7 questions. Results: Out of 55 patients we found through this study that about 92.7% were classified as satisfied while 7.3% patients were dissatisfied. Satisfaction rate is more as compared to dissatisfaction rate. Conclusions: In present study we have tried to eliminate other factors responsible for dissatisfaction such as hospital ward cleanliness, hospital administration, patient and hospital staff communication. we recommend total knee replacement surgery for end stage arthritis and it is more beneficial to the patients in terms of improvement in post-operative pain and function