Synthesis of quinoline attached-furan-2(3H)-ones having anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties with reduced gastro-intestinal toxicity and lipid peroxidation

A series of 3-[2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene]-5-aryl-furan-2(3H)-ones {3(a-p)} were synthesized. The required 3-(substitutedbenzoyl) propionic acids {2(a-d)} were prepared under Friedal Craft acylation reaction conditions. The substituted 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes {1(a-d)} were synthesized by reaction of substitutedphenylethanone-oxime with phosphorus oxychloride in presence of dimethyl formamide using the Vilsmeir Haack reaction method. These compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities along with their ulcerogenic and lipid peroxidation potentials. The compounds that showed significant anti-inflammatory activity were further screened for their analgesic activity. The compounds were less toxic in terms of ulcerogenicity as compared to a standard, which was also supported by lipid peroxidation studies. The antibacterial activities were performed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Compounds 3f, 3n and 3o showed significant activity against both S. aureus and E. coli having an MIC value of 6.25μg mL-1

Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration in the Evaluation of Breast Lumps

Background. A study was designed to see the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in palpable breast lumps. Materials and Methods. Four hundred and twenty five (425) patients came to the Department of Pathology King Edward Medical University, Lahore in four years for FNAC of their palpable breast masses from June 2006 to June 2010. FNAC diagnosis was compared with histological diagnosis to see the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for neoplastic lesions. Results. There were 271/425 benign, 120/425 malignant, and 32/425 suspicious smears. Inadequate samples were repeated twice or thrice, and the degree of success was improved with consecutive repeating approaches. The frequency of inadequacy declined from 86 to 18, and 2 for first, second and third attempts, respectively. The number of repeats increased the diagnostic accuracy of aspirates which is statistically significant (P = .000). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most commonly reported lesion with maximum incidence in the 4th, 5th, and 6th decades followed by invasive lobular carcinoma and other malignant lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value, and the positive predictive value of FNAC was 98%, 100%, 98%, 100%, and 97%, respectively. Conclusion. FNAC serves as a rapid, economical, and reliable tool for the diagnosis of palpable breast lesions because the cytopathological examination of these lesions before operation or treatment serves as an important diagnostic modality

Determinants of Anxiety in Amputees Owed to Traumatic & Non-Traumatic Causes in Quetta

Objective: To find out the causes and factors of anxiety among amputees suffering from traumatic and non-traumatic causes. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Quetta from the month of May 2018 to July 2018. This study included those clients with amputations as a result of Traumatic & non-traumatic causes and the data was collected from them. This study involved a total of 54 participants. All amputees who visited the three Physical Rehabilitation Centre were included during data collection process. A structured adopted questionnaire using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) according to the inclusion & exclusion criteria & then tabularized and analyzed by applying Chi square test. Results: This study involved a total of 54 participants of whom 7(13%) were females and 47(87%) males. Among amputees 36(66.7 %), amputations were due to Traumatic injuries and 18(33.3%) were due to non-traumatic amputations. In traumatic, the majority was due to RTA with 25(46.3 %) and in non-traumatic causes diabetes stood first with 13(24.1%) amputation. Traumatic are more anxious than non-traumatic. There is a significant relationship between marital status and anxiety level (p-value 0.047). Statistically significant relationships between amputation and anxiety level were noticed, p value=0.049. Conclusion: Amputation has a significant association with anxiety level. Traumatic experiences make people feel more anxious than non-traumatic ones. Socio-demographics has association with levels of anxiety. It is recommended to do regular or annual screening of these patients following amputation

How 'dynasty' became a modern global concept : intellectual histories of sovereignty and property

The modern concept of ‘dynasty’ is a politically-motivated modern intellectual invention. For many advocates of a strong sovereign nation-state across the nineteenth and early twentieth century, in France, Germany, and Japan, the concept helped in visualizing the nation-state as a primordial entity sealed by the continuity of birth and blood, indeed by the perpetuity of sovereignty. Hegel’s references to ‘dynasty’, read with Marx’s critique, further show how ‘dynasty’ encoded the intersection of sovereignty and big property, indeed the coming into self-consciousness of their mutual identification-in-difference in the age of capitalism. Imaginaries about ‘dynasty’ also connected national sovereignty with patriarchal authority. European colonialism helped globalize the concept in the non-European world; British India offers an exemplar of ensuing debates. The globalization of the abstraction of ‘dynasty’ was ultimately bound to the globalization of capitalist-colonial infrastructures of production, circulation, violence, and exploitation. Simultaneously, colonized actors, like Indian peasant/‘tribal’ populations, brought to play alternate precolonial Indian-origin concepts of collective regality, expressed through terms like ‘rajavamshi’ and ‘Kshatriya’. These concepts nourished new forms of democracy in modern India. Global intellectual histories can thus expand political thought today by provincializing and deconstructing Eurocentric political vocabularies and by recuperating subaltern models of collective and polyarchic power.PostprintPeer reviewe

Standard versus reduced-dose chemoradiotherapy in anal cancer (PLATO-ACT4): short-term results of a phase 2 randomised controlled trial

Background Localised squamous cell carcinoma of the anus is treated with radical chemoradiotherapy. Cure rates are high, but treatment can result in substantial acute and long-term morbidity. We aimed to assess whether lower dose chemoradiotherapy maintains high local control rates in patients with early-stage disease, with the secondary aim of reducing toxicity. Methods ACT4 is a phase 2, prospective, multicentre, open-label, two-arm non-comparative, randomised, controlled trial, investigating reduced-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy (rd-IMRT: 41·4 Gy in 23 fractions) in patients with early-stage anal cancer; T1–2 (≤4 cm) N0–NxM0. Eligible patients were at least 16 years of age, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–1. The primary outcome is 3-year loco-regional failure rates. Patients were randomly assigned 1:2 (with stratification by T stage, N stage, gender, HIV status, and randomising site) to standard-dose IMRT (sd-IMRT: 50·4 Gy in 28 fractions) or rd-IMRT with concurrent mitomycin and capecitabine chemotherapy. Here, we report the pre-planned, modified intention-to-treat analysis of secondary endpoints 6 months after treatment end—complete clinical response, compliance, patient-reported outcomes (EORTC QLQ-C30 and ANL27), and safety data. The trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN88455282) and is ongoing but no longer recruiting. Findings 163 patients were recruited from 28 UK tertiary centres between April 24, 2017, and Dec 1, 2020. 160 patients were included in the primary analysis (sd-IMRT n=55; dr-IMRT n=105). Data on ethnicity were not collected. The median patient age was 66 years (IQR 58–72 years); 117 (73%) were female and 43 (27%) male; and 129 (94%) of 138 evaluable samples were p16 positive. Complete clinical responses at 6 months were 87% (46 of 53) for sd-IMRT and 92% (89 of 97) for rd-IMRT. Radiotherapy interruptions of 3 days or more occurred in 14 (26%) of 55 patients in sd-IMRT and 16 (15%) of 105 patients in rd-IMRT. Chemotherapy modifications occurred in 27 (49%) of 55 patients in sd-IMRT and 39 (37%) of 105 patients in rd-IMRT. Grade 3 or worse acute toxicity was reported in 25 (46%) of 55 patients in sd-IMRT and 37 (35%) of 105 patients in rd-IMRT. The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were radiation dermatitis (seven [13%] of 55 in sd-IMRT and ten [10%] of 105 in rd-IMRT), and diarrhoea (four [7%] of 55 in sd-IMRT and nine [9%] of 105 in rd-IMRT). Serious adverse events occurred in eight (15%) of 55 patients in sd-IMRT and ten (10%) of 105 patients in rd-IMRT. Patient-reported outcomes for most issues deteriorated at the end of treatment and resolved to baseline by 6 weeks in both groups. Poorer sexual function for men and women was observed at 6 months following sd-IMRT. Interpretation Good 6-month complete clinical responses rates were seen in both groups. Early results suggest rd-IMRT is well tolerated with oncological outcomes maintained. 3-year locoregional failure rates are awaited