Patient Bayesian Inference: Cloud-Based Healthcare Data Analysis Using Constraint-Based Adaptive Boost Algorithm

Cloud-based healthcare data are a form of distributed data over the internet. The internet has become the most vulnerable part of critical healthcare infrastructures. Healthcare data are considered to be sensitive information, which can reveal a lot about a patient. For healthcare data, apart from confidentiality, privacy and protection of data are very sensitive issues. Proactive measures such as early warning are required to reduce the risk of patient’s data violation. This chapter investigates the ability of Patient Bayesian Inference (PBI) for network scenario analysis with violation of patient data to produce early warning. The Bayesian inference allows modeling the uncertainties that come with the problem of dealing with missing data, allows integrating data from remote nodes, and explicitly indicates dependence and independence. The use of constraint-based adaptive boost algorithm can demonstrate the patient’s Bayesian inference performance in the real-world datasets from healthcare data

Self-Enabling Vehicular Agent using Cloud and Massive Data

Since last some decades, the autonomous technology in the vehicles was used to help the drivers to voyage effortlessly along the highways and to avoid road accidents. In this duration, a number of high-end vehicles was built-in electronic secureness mechanism, adaptive voyage mechanism, lane departure warnings and city safety system. Approximately, 95% of the road accidents were caused by the wrong behavior, careless, focus less and tiredness of the drivers. Even with the attractiveness of recent traffic control applications, a lack of dynamic information about roads and weather conditions was more than an infuriation. For this purpose, we developed a self-enabling vehicular agent in which cloud and Massive data is used. The cloud and massive data enabled the agent to see around corners or even miles down the road and to drive itself more carefully. The parameters enabled the agent to keep the driver informed on the road conditions ahead. The vehicular agent would be enable to process the appropriate data from this massive data, send it via cloud to forecasts of the traffic situation, the road conditions, the cars are ahead of it and the weather in the real time

IMPORTANCE AND RELIABILITY OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY (FNAC) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MULTINODULAR GOITER AND SOLITARY THYROID NODULE

Objective: To evaluate the role of FNAC in the early management and treatment of multinodular goitre with solitary thyroid nodules and dominant nodules. Study Design: A Case Series. Configuration and duration: In the Surgical Unit II of Services Hospital Lahore for one year duration from June 2017 to June 2018. Methodology: 90 patients were selected for the analysis, but in 10 patients FNAC aspirate was not adequate and these patients were not included in the study and 20 patients underwent surgery. Previously, we examined routine investigations and physical examination, Thyroid profile and radioisotopes (Tc-99) thalium scan. Patients with multinodular or solitary cold nodules were selected for the analysis. In all multinodular dominant nodules or solitary nodules performed with FNAC. The preoperative diagnosis of FNAC was compared with the histopathological findings of the surgical specimens. Results: 60 operated patients had histological findings for comparison with FNAC results statistically. Fnac was benign 51 (84.23%) and in 11 (17.06%) malignant. 30 patients (51%) were of Hashimoto thyroiditis and subacute thyroiditis and 3 (5%) follicular adenoma, 8 (13.33%) as nodular goiter, 9 (15%). In the 10 patients in the malignant patient group, 2 (3.33%), undifferentiated carcinoma, lymphoma and 2 (3.33%) papillary thyroid carcinoma 1 (1.66%), follicle carcinoma, five (8 was 33%). There were malignant lesions in 11 (17.93%) and 50 (82.06%) benign lesions. Comparison of FNAC histopathological findings shows 3 false negative results and 2 false positive results. For the detection of malignant and malignant thyroid nodules, fnac showed 96.6% accuracy in dominant thyroid, 75%, specificity and 95.83% sensitivity, negative predictive value 81.81% and 93% positive predictive value. Conclusion: Due to high sensitivity and specificity, in the diagnosis FNAC may play an important role in the treatment planning of dominant nodules and solitary thyroid nodules in multinodular goiter. Key Words: FNAC, Multinodular Goitre, Thyroid Nodule

Anemia in a middle aged female with aortitis: a case report.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Idiopathic aortitis is among the most common causes of non-infectious aortitis, which rarely presents with anemia. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report a case of a 49-year-old muhajir female who presented with shortness of breath and easy fatigability for the past 6 months. Physical examination revealed pallor and a diastolic murmur in the aortic region. Echocardiography showed thickened and calcified aortic and mitral valves, severe aortic regurgitation and dilatation of ascending aorta. She was advised aortic valve replacement and was referred to a haematologist due to concomitant anemia. Complete blood counts revealed haemoglobin: 7.7 gm/dl, mean corpuscular volume (MCV): 78 fl, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH):23 pg, total white cell count: 9.0 × 10(9)/L and platelet count: 227 × 10(9)/L. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 100 mm/hr. There was suspicion of myelodysplastic syndrome, but could not be confirmed as the patient refused bone marrow and cytogenetic studies. She was given erythropoietin, folic acid and ferrous sulphate. Following relatively prolonged therapy, her haemoglobin level increased to approximately 9.0 gm/dL. She was transfused with packed red cells and underwent aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement. The ascending aorta was dilated and aortic wall markedly thick and irregular. Histopathology of the resected aorta revealed granulomatous aortitis. She was prescribed prednisolone, which resulted in further incremental rise of haemoglobin to 13.1 gm/dL. One month later, she developed complaints of blurred vision in the right eye and was diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion. She was treated with antiplatelet agents and her vision improved. After 3 months, she was asymptomatic and her haemoglobin level rose to 11.2 gm/dL without hematinic therapy or blood transfusion. She was begun on anticoagulant therapy and remains clinically stable. CONCLUSION: We report a case of idiopathic aortitis with presumed diagnosis of anemia of chronic disease exhibiting a transient response towards steroid therapy post-valvuloplasty

Learning-Based Routing in Cognitive Networks

Intelligent Routing can influence the overall performance of a communication network’s throughput and efficiency. Routing strategies is required to adapt to changing network loads and different topologies. Learning from the network environment, in order to optimally adapt the network settings, is an essential requirement for providing efficient communication services in such environments. Cognitive networks are capable of learning and reasoning. They can energetically adapt to varying network conditions in order to optimize end-to-end performance and utilize network resources. In this paper we will focus machine learning in routing scheme that includes routing awareness, a routing reconfiguration

Assessment of quality of water in Kabul River, Nowshera city, Pakistan

Abstract This study reports results of a three-year project carried out to investigate the impacts of wastewater on the quality of water in Kabul River. The characteristics of wastewater from Nowshera city and groundwater quality from areas adjacent to Kabul River were also studied using standard laboratory techniques. The results indicate that there is gradual increase of about 16%, 10% and 24% in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) values, respectively, over the three years of the study. There is also an abrupt increase in the levels of TSS, TDS, electric-conductivity (EC), BOD and COD downstream of a discharge point of wastewater effluent into Kabul River. Groundwater levels show a continuous decrease of 20-25% over the three-year period of the study. In addition, the wells have poor groundwater quality, falling below the drinking water quality guidelines.. Therefore, it is suggested that proper wastewater treatment units should be installed to treat all kind of wastewater prior to its disposal in the River Kabul

Characterization of cowpea to harvest rainwater for wheat in semiarid conditions

Aim of study: A field experiment was executed, under rainfed conditions from 2014-15 to 2017-18, to study the role of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in rainwater harvesting to enhance the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield.Area of study: Rain-fed area of Pothwar region, Punjab, Pakistan.Material and methods: We designed three treatments (T1: control; T2: cowpea grown after conventional tillage and incorporated into soil to act as “green manure”; and T3: grown without any tillage practice, cut with sickle and spread as “mulch”). The effect of these treatments on soil moisture conservation was studied against conventional farmer’s practice, wherein no host crop is grown before wheat sowing.Main results: Available soil water remained highest in T2 during first three years when sufficient rainfall was received contrary to fourth year with low rainfall. The results revealed that cowpea biomass of 15.2 t/ha and 13.72 t/ha, from T2 and T3 respectively, were produced during 2015 corresponding to 213 mm rainfall. Whereas, these quantities increased to 25.69 t/ha and 24.29 t/ha during 2017 with 387 mm of rainfall. The study revealed that net income from wheat crop under T2 was Rs 13000 and Rs 9000 per hectare higher than that of control during the first two years respectively. Contrarily, net income from T2 was found negative and benefit-cost ratio reduced to 0.79 when very low rainfall was received during the last year.Research highlights: Use of cowpea as green manure gave maximum net return if sufficient rainfall is received during decomposition of cowpea and hence recommended for in-situ rainwater harvesting