One qubit almost completely reveals the dynamics of two

From the time dependence of states of one of them, the dynamics of two interacting qubits is determined to be one of two possibilities that differ only by a change of signs of parameters in the Hamiltonian. The only exception is a simple particular case where several parameters in the Hamiltonian are zero and one of the remaining nonzero parameters has no effect on the time dependence of states of the one qubit. The mean values that describe the initial state of the other qubit and of the correlations between the two qubits also are generally determined to within a change of signs by the time dependence of states of the one qubit, but with many more exceptions. An example demonstrates all the results. Feedback in the equations of motion that allows time dependence in a subsystem to determine the dynamics of the larger system can occur in both classical and quantum mechanics. The role of quantum mechanics here is just to identify qubits as the simplest objects to consider and specify the form that equations of motion for two interacting qubits can take.Comment: 6 pages with new and updated materia

Lorentz transformations that entangle spins and entangle momenta

Simple examples are presented of Lorentz transformations that entangle the spins and momenta of two particles with positive mass and spin 1/2. They apply to indistinguishable particles, produce maximal entanglement from finite Lorentz transformations of states for finite momenta, and describe entanglement of spins produced together with entanglement of momenta. From the entanglements considered, no sum of entanglements is found to be unchanged.Comment: 5 Pages, 2 Figures, One new paragraph and reference adde

Maps for Lorentz transformations of spin

Lorentz transformations of spin density matrices for a particle with positive mass and spin 1/2 are described by maps of the kind used in open quantum dynamics. They show how the Lorentz transformations of the spin depend on the momentum. Since the spin and momentum generally are entangled, the maps generally are not completely positive and act in limited domains. States with two momentum values are considered, so the maps are for the spin qubit entangled with the qubit made from the two momentum values, and results from the open quantum dynamics of two coupled qubits can be applied. Inverse maps are used to show that every Lorentz transformation completely removes the spin polarization, and so completely removes the information, from a number of spin density matrices. The size of the spin polarization that is removed is calculated for particular cases.Comment: 7 Pages, 3 Figure

Antimicrobial effects of Citrus sinensis peel extracts against dental caries bacteria: an in vitro study

Background: Ethnomedicine is gaining admiration since years but still there is abundant medicinal flora which is unrevealed through research. The study was conducted to assess the in vitro antimicrobial potential and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Citrus sinensis peel extracts with a view of searching a novel extract as a remedy for dental caries pathogens. Material and Methods: Aqueous and ethanol (cold and hot) extracts prepared from peel of Citrus sinensis were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus , using agar well diffusion method. The lowest concentration of every extract considered as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for both test organisms. One way ANOVA with Post Hoc Bonferroni test was applied for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively. Results: Dental caries pathogens were inhibited most by hot ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis peel followed by cold ethanolic extract. Aqueous extracts were effective at very high concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration of hot and cold ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peel ranged between 12-15 mg/ml against both the dental caries pathogens. Conclusions: Citrus sinensis peels extract was found to be effective against dental caries pathogens and contain compounds with therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, clinical trials on the effect of these plants are essential before advocating large-scale therap

Mapping the Schrodinger picture of open quantum dynamics

For systems described by finite matrices, an affine form is developed for the maps that describe evolution of density matrices for a quantum system that interacts with another. This is established directly from the Heisenberg picture. It separates elements that depend only on the dynamics from those that depend on the state of the two systems. While the equivalent linear map is generally not completely positive, the homogeneous part of the affine maps is, and is shown to be composed of multiplication operations that come simply from the Hamiltonian for the larger system. The inhomogeneous part is shown to be zero if and only if the map does not increase the trace of the square of any density matrix. Properties are worked out in detail for two-qubit examples.Comment: 10 pages, 3 Figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Stromal Expression of CD10 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Its Correlation with ER, PR, HER2-neu, and Ki67

CD10 is a cell surface zinc-dependent endopeptidase, which degrades many bioactive peptides. CD10 expression in tumour stroma is associated with biological aggressiveness of many epithelial malignancies. To date, only one study has correlated with expression of CD10 with well-known prognostic markers of breast, that is, ER, PR, HER2-neu, and tumour grade; however, its correlation with ki67 is still not studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate stromal CD10 expression in breast carcinoma and to examine its correlation with ER, PR, HER2-neu, and Ki67. Methods and Results. CD10 expression in fifty patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry and scored as negative, weak and strong. CD10 was found to be positive in stroma of 40/50 (80%) cases. Stromal CD10 showed positive correlation with tumour grade, HER2-neu (P = .000), and ki67 (P = .027), negative correlation with ER and PR. Conclusions. Hence CD10 expression correlated strongly with well-established negative prognostic markers, that is, HER2-neu and ki67 positivity, ER/PR negativity, and higher tumour grade, thus indicating that CD10 can be used as independent marker indicating poor prognosis and can be used as target for the development of novel therapies

COVID-19 and impact of workplace stressors among nurses: A systematic review

COVID-19 pandemic has put the front liners especially nurses under immense pressure and this review is exploring the stressors, impact on nurses and the coping used by them

Case report on splenic abscess with pleural effusion caused by enteric fever

Splenic abscess is an infrequent complication of enteric fever caused by Salmonella typhi. The incidence rate ranges from 0.14-2%. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecific and may be presented as fever with left upper quadrant abdominal pain and a palpable tender mass. Diagnosis is often difficult and splenic abscess management is based on surgical interventions and antibiotic therapy. In this case report we would like to highlight splenic abscess with left reactive pleural effusion as a rare complication of Salmonella typhi infection