Cultural barriers to the disclosure of child sexual abuse in Asian communities: Listening to what women say.

NoThere is apparent under-reporting of child sexual abuse in Britain¿s Asian communities and a varied capacity amongst professionals to respond with cultural competence. Professional approaches originate in cultural contexts, which are often different from those of most British Asians. If the proportion of children and non-abusing carers from Asian communities who access relevant services is to increase, professionals need to develop better understandings of cultural imperatives which determine behaviour in those communities. Consultations with Asian women in Bradford reinforce the view that culturally competent practice and respectful dialogue are essential to the protection of children. They also highlight a number of recurring themes. Members of Asian communities are aware of child sexual abuse, they recognize that the issue needs to be addressed by all communities and they report that many of those affected within their own communities have found it difficult to access relevant services. These consultations, like reports of similar work elsewhere, indicate that difficulties, which appear to arise from Asian women¿s fears about how agencies will respond, are frequently compounded by the impact of cultural imperatives arising from izzat (honour/respect), haya (modesty) and sharam (shame/embarrassment), which have a considerable influence on how many will behave

Adult laryngeal haemangioma; a rare entity

Laryngeal haemangioma is commonly seen in children. Adult laryngeal haemangiomas are rare and usually involve the supraglottic region. Most common symptom includes dysphagia, dysphonia and shortness of breath. Detailed history, fiberoptic laryngoscopy and computerized scanning may suggest benign nature of the lesion but diagnosis is only confirmed by a biopsy. In comparison to infantile haemangiomas which usually respond to propronolol, the treatment of adult laryngeal haemangiomas is always surgical removal. We present a case report of a supraglottic haemangioma in an adult male, who was treated surgically without any complications

Feasible choices in diagnostic methods of malaria

Background & objectives: The present study was undertaken to find out a new easy method in thediagnosis of malaria by centrifuged buffy coat smear, which was found to be a feasible and reasonableprocedure.Methods: Blood samples collected from 120 patients suspected of malaria were subjected to allthree diagnostic modalities—peripheral blood smear (PS), centrifuged buffy coat smear (CBCS)and antigen detection test using pLDH and aldolase (AG).Results: The results of various methods were compared. It was seen that addition of centrifugation(i.e. CBCS) to conventional method of PS (i.e. thick and thin smears) improved its sensitivityfrom 85 to 93.3%. Antigen detection and CBCS were found superior to PS in sensitivity. CBCSgives combined sensitivity and specificity of both antigen and PS.Conclusion: CBCS is as sensitive as antigen test and as specific as PS in species identification. Itis a reasonable and feasible procedure too

<i>In Vitro</i> Studies of SIV <i>nef</i> Function

There is strong evidence that a functional Nef protein of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is a critical factor in contributing to viral pathogenesis. A variety of properties have been ascribed to Nef that may contribute towards these effects. However, the exact mechanisms by which Nef functions remain unclear. A number of clones of SIV nef have been described which were generated after spontaneous evolution both in vivo and in vitro based upon changes relative to the wild type SIVmacJ5 virus (Rud et ah, 1994, Arnold et al, 1999, N. Almond, personal communication). Furthermore, additional clones exist which were based upon the repair mutants reported by Whatmore et al (1995) after infection of macaques with the attenuated SlVmacCS virus (Rud et al, 1994). The aims of this study were two-fold. First, to utilise a panel of SIV Nef specific monoclonal antibodies (Arnold et al, 1999) to elucidate structural differences between wild type and attenuated SIV Nef clones and further information on the epitope recognised by the conformational dependant monoclonal antibody, KX70 (Arnold et al, 1999). Second, by utilising yeast-2-hybrid technology to investigate interactions of the SIV Nef clones with selected cellular components and relate these findings to the manner in which the virus behaves in vivo. The results indicate that the alpha helical region around which the attenuation in SrVmacCS lies is a key component of the epitope recognised by KK70 as well as being a key region for interaction of cellular components with SIV Nef. The repair mutants reported by Whatmore et al (1995) did not regain the epitope recognised by KK70 as the amino acids evolved to a near wild type sequence. This indicates that it may be an overall structural effect that these mutations are having which is affecting antigenicity. Interestingly, one of the repair mutants (J5(EIYL)) did regain the ability to interact with the cellular components. This was lost when this repair was presented in conjunction with the R191E mutation (J5(EIYL+R>E)). Interestingly, the R191E mutation alone (J5(R>E)) caused non-specific trans-activation of the GAL4-AD. Furthermore, GX2, which harbours a 66 nucleotide deletion at the 5’ end of Nef (disrupting the binding of KK75, a monoclonal antibody that recognises a linear epitope) also caused non-specific trans-activation of the GAL4-AD. These results suggest that the mutations in GX2 and J5(R>E) may have a significant effect on the overall structure of SIV Nef. This study describes the use of a novel technique for the fine mapping of novel antigenic epitopes using monoclonal antibodies. The structural and yeast-2-hybrid data together highlight important observations of SIV Nef which can be related to structure and function in vivo, as well as being used as a basis for future in vivo studies

Impact of Green Transformational Leadership on Eco- Friendly Behavior and Environmental performance of Hotel Industry Employees: The Mediating Role of GHRM

Based on the famous resource-based view (RBV) and the ability motivation-opportunity (AMO) theory, it has been evident that the concept of green human resource management (GHRM correlates with green transformational leadership, eco-friendly behavior of employees and hotel environment-based performance. Using questionnaire tool, a collected triadic data of 260 employees of hotels and restaurants using convenience sample approach was executed. We used Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to explore hypotheses mentioned in this study. Conclusions drawn from the study recommend that green HRM acts a mediator between the green transformational leadership and employees’ eco-friendly behavior. The findings of current research suggest that GTFL signifies a pivotal role as an antecedent of the GHRM to enhance employee eco-friendly behavior and hotels’ environmental performance

SMEs' Use Of Financial Statements For Decision Making: Evidence From Pakistan

Financial statements comprise of insightful statistics about likely risk and the return associations of many decisions and have significant role in firms’ success, particularly for SMEs. Thus, through a sample of 94 Pakistani small and medium enterprises (SMEs), this study inspects the influences that could have impact on firms’ practice of the financial statements in making significant financial decisions. Principle component analysis finds key factors which define use of financial statements containing; experience, knowledge and ability. Logit analysis then discloses that these variables have significant association with whether Pakistani SME owners use financial statements while making business decisions. Findings indicates that the owners of Pakistani SMEs practice financial statements in decision making rendering to their knowledge about financial statements, experience and finally their ability to interpret figures confined in financial statements. Outcomes should be valuable for SME owners, educators, and the service providers

Role-testing with VR-glasses in religious education

Målet med denne studien har vært å forske på bruken av VR-briller og 360-videoer i KRLE- faget og hvordan disse kan bidra til å ta andres perspektiv via innlevelse i rollen som en religiøs. Undervisningsdesignet er utviklet med bakgrunn i tidligere forskning på VR- teknologi og kjerneelementet «Kunne andres perspektiv» fra den nye læreplanen (Utdanningsdirektoratet, 2019, s. 3). Relevante religionsdidaktikere som har hatt stor betydning for drøftingen er Eidhamar (2019) og Vestøl (2020). I mitt forskningsprosjekt har det vært mest aktuelt å forske på hvordan VR-briller kan bidra til at elevene kan leve seg inn i rollen som en religiøs og jeg endte derfor opp med denne problemstillingen: Hvordan kan VR- briller og 360-videoer bidra til at elever kan ta andres perspektiv gjennom å leve seg inn i rollen som en religiøs? Denne problemstillingen er videre belyst av fire forskningsspørsmål. Forskningsprosjektet er en intervensjonsstudie inspirert av pedagogisk designforskning, noe som betyr at forskningen er blitt gjennomført i to intervensjoner. Et sentralt trekk i undervisningsdesignet var at elevene fikk oppleve å være blant religiøse utøvere, med VR-briller, som gjennomførte ritualer som utgangspunkt for å svare på skriveoppgaver knyttet til empatisk innlevelse. Det var i utgangspunktet et undervisningsdesign som ble prøvd ut i praksis med fokus på ritualer i hinduismen. Dette undervisningsdesignet ble forsket på underveis og utviklet videre til en ny intervensjon med fokus på ritualer i islam. Det ble gjennomført til sammen to intervensjoner på to syvende klasser, til sammen 23 elever. Flere kvalitative metoder som ble benyttet for å samle data. Hovedmateriale er elevtekster, deretter intervju og til slutt observasjoner. Etter analyse og drøfting opp mot teori av elevoppgavene viser det seg at etter de to intervensjonene med VR-briller, klarte de færreste elevene å leve seg inn i rollen som en religiøs. De fleste elevene klarer ikke å svare på spørsmålet hvor de skal forestille seg at de er en hindu i etterkant av VR-delen av timen. Studien viser derimot at nesten samtlige elever opplever at de er til stede i det virtuelle miljøet. Elevene beskriver dette i elevtekstene med at «de er der». Samtlige elever som ble intervjuet, mener det er en betydelig forskjell mellom det å se en vanlig video og det å se videoer i 360 grader med VR-briller fordi de opplever å være til stede i det virtuelle miljøet, Det viser seg også at elevene likte å jobbe med dette digitale verktøyet. Resultatene fra studien viser at elevene har lært hvordan ritualer faktisk ser ut i praksis, emn de lærer også mye om miljøet, samfunnet og omgivelsene i de hellige byene hvor ritualene utføres. Samspillet mellom lærerintroduksjonen og det de ser i er viktig for åforstå hvilken læring som finner sted. Dette handler også om ulike kilder som benyttes for perspektivtaking i KRLE-faget. Dersom det skulle forskes videre på VR og evnen til innlevelse i rollen som religiøs, trengs det både videre refleksjonen om hva vi legger i begrepet faglig innenfraperspektiv og hvordan dette kan bidra til empatisk innlevelse, men også kriterier for utvalg av 360materialet og samspillet mellom ulike kilder i undervisningen. Et sentralt funn som det kan bygges videre på er elevenes opplevelse av tilstedeværelse. Elevene opplever at de er i det virtuelle miljøet, og dette er en god forutsettingen for å jobbe videre med lignende prosjekter.The aim of this study has been to research the use of VR glasses and 360-videos in the KRLE subject and how these can contribute to taking others' perspective through empathy in the role of a religious. The teaching design has been developed on the basis of previous research on VR technology and the core element «Kunne ta andres perspektiv» from the new curriculum (Utdanningsdirektoratet, 2019). Relevant religion didactics who have been of great importance for the discussion are Eidhamar (2019) and Vestøl (2020). In my research project, it has been most relevant to research how VR glasses can contribute to students living in the role of a religious and I therefore ended up with this issue: How can VR glasses and 360 videos contribute to students can take the perspective of others through living in the role of a religious? This issue is further elucidated by four research questions. The research project is an intervention study inspired by pedagogical design research, which means that the research has been carried out in two interventions. A key feature of the teaching design was that the students got to experience being among religious practitioners, with VR glasses, who performed rituals as a starting point for answering writing tasks related to empathic empathy. It was basically a teaching design that was tried out in practice with a focus on rituals in Hinduism. This teaching design was researched along the way and further developed into a new intervention focusing on rituals in Islam. A total of two interventions were conducted in two seventh grades, a total of 23 students. Several qualitative methods used to collect data. The main material is student texts, then interviews and finally observations. After analysis and discussion against the theory of the student assignments, it turns out that after the two interventions with VR glasses, very few students managed to live in the role of a religious. Most students are unable to answer the question of where to imagine they are a Hindu after the VR part of the class. On the other hand, the study shows that almost all students experience that they are present in the virtual environment. The students describe this in the student texts with «they are there». All students who were interviewed believe that there is a significant difference between watching a regular video and watching videos in 360 degrees with VR glasses because they experience being present in the virtual environment. It also turns out that the students liked to work with this digital tool. The results from the study show that the students have learned what rituals actually look like in practice, subject they also learn a lot about the environment, society and the environment in the holy cities where the rituals are performed. The interaction between the teacher introduction and what they see in it is important to understand what learning takes place. This is also about different sources that are used for perspective taking in the KRLE subject. If there were to be further research on VR and the ability to empathize in the role of religious, there is a need for further reflection on what we put in the concept of professional inner perspective and how this can contribute to empathic empathy, but also criteria for selection of 360 material and interaction between different sources in teaching. A key finding that can be built on is the students' experience of presence. The students experience that they are in the virtual environment, and this is a good prerequisite for continuing to work on similar projects.publishedVersio

Survival benefit of surgery in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme

There is an ongoing debate regarding role of surgery for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Older literature hinted at only modest survival benefits with surgery and a high rate of morbidity. However, more recent literature suggests better survival that may be attributed to better surgical techniques and better options in adjuvant treatment. Herein the authors review recent literature with regards to the possible role of surgery in recurrent GBM and also look into the key factors impacting second surgery

Composite split cord malformation associated with a dermal sinus tract, dermoid cyst, and epidural abscess: A case report and review of literature

Background: Split cord malformation (SCM) is typically present at a single level but rarely, may be present at multiple levels in the spinal cord and can be associated with a wide array of lesions such as myelomeningoceles, lipomas, teratomas, and dermal sinus tracts (DSTs).Case description: We describe a case of a 15-month-old female child who presented with high-grade fever and progressive motor weakness in the lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of SCM along with an epidural abscess, DST, and dermoid cyst. The child underwent surgery for excision of DST along with removal of the dermoid cyst and drainage of epidural abscess. The postoperative course was uneventful. Elective repair of the SCM was performed 4 weeks later. The postoperative course was uneventful again.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the combination of a composite SCM with a DST and dermoid cyst with associated epidural abscess has rarely been reported in literature