Systematic Design and Implementation of a Novel Synthetic Fold-Change Detector Biocircuit In Vivo

Biological signaling systems not only detect the absolute levels of the signals, but are also able to sense the fold-changes of the signals. The ability to detect fold-changes provides a powerful tool for biological organisms to adapt to the changes in environment. Here we present the first novel synthetic fold-change detector (FCD) circuit built from ground up in vivo. We systematically designed the FCD circuit in silico, prototyped it in cell-free transcription-translation platform (TX-TL), and eventually implemented it in E. coli cells. We were able to show that the FCD circuit can not only generate pulse-like behavior in response to input, but also produce the same pulse response with inputs of the same fold-change, despite of different absolute signal levels

Simple Toroidal Vertex Algebras and Their Irreducible Modules

In this paper, we continue the study on toroidal vertex algebras initiated in \cite{LTW}, to study concrete toroidal vertex algebras associated to toroidal Lie algebra $L_{r}(\hat{\frak{g}})=\hat{\frak{g}}\otimes L_r$, where $\hat{\frak{g}}$ is an untwisted affine Lie algebra and $L_r=$\mathbb{C}[t_{1}^{\pm 1},\ldots,t_{r}^{\pm 1}]$. We first construct an$(r+1)$-toroidal vertex algebra$V(T,0)$and show that the category of restricted$L_{r}(\hat{\frak{g}})$-modules is canonically isomorphic to that of$V(T,0)$-modules.Let$c$denote the standard central element of$\hat{\frak{g}}$and set$S_c=U(L_r(\mathbb{C}c))$. We furthermore study a distinguished subalgebra of$V(T,0)$, denoted by$V(S_c,0)$. We show that (graded) simple quotient toroidal vertex algebras of$V(S_c,0)$are parametrized by a$\mathbb{Z}^r$-graded ring homomorphism$\psi:S_c\rightarrow L_r$such that Im$\psi$is a$\mathbb{Z}^r$-graded simple$S_c$-module. Denote by$L(\psi,0}$the simple$(r+1)$-toroidal vertex algebra of$V(S_c,0)$associated to$\psi$. We determine for which$\psi$,$L(\psi,0)$is an integrable$L_{r}(\hat{\frak{g}})$-module and we then classify irreducible$L(\psi,0)$-modules for such a$\psi$. For our need, we also obtain various general results.Comment: 50 page