Some applications of logic to feasibility in higher types

In this paper we demonstrate that the class of basic feasible functionals has recursion theoretic properties which naturally generalize the corresponding properties of the class of feasible functions. We also improve the Kapron - Cook result on mashine representation of basic feasible functionals. Our proofs are based on essential applications of logic. We introduce a weak fragment of second order arithmetic with second order variables ranging over functions from N into N which suitably characterizes basic feasible functionals, and show that it is a useful tool for investigating the properties of basic feasible functionals. In particular, we provide an example how one can extract feasible "programs" from mathematical proofs which use non-feasible functionals (like second order polynomials)

Innovative organic farming in india

In this article general overview of research progress in the field of organic agriculture in India was given. This include revalidation of traditional organic practices, invent/discover and commercial production technology for organic inputs and research on organic systems. Some of the future directions of organic research in Indian was also discussed

Persistent entanglement in a class of eigenstates of quantum Heisenberg spin glasses

The eigenstates of a quantum spin glass Hamiltonian with long-range interaction are examined from the point of view of localisation and entanglement. In particular, low particle sectors are examined and an anomalous family of eigenstates is found that is more delocalised but also has larger inter-spin entanglement. These are then identified as particle-added eigenstates from the one-particle sector. This motivates the introduction and the study of random promoted two-particle states, and it is shown that they may have large delocalisation such as generic ran- dom states and scale exactly like them. However, the entanglement as measured by two-spin concurrence displays different scaling with the total number of spins. This shows how for different classes of complex quantum states entanglement can be qualitatively different even if localisation measures such as participation ratio are not.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Detection of Metabolites by Proton Ex Vivo NMR, in Vivo MR Spectroscopy Peaks and Tissue Content Analysis: Biochemical-Magnetic Resonance Correlation: Preliminary Results

*Aim*: Metabolite concentrations by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ex vivo NMR spectroscopy were compared with excised normal human tissue relaxation times and tissue homogenate contents.

*Hypothesis*: Biochemical analysis combined with NMR and MR spectroscopy defines better tissue analysis.

*Materials and Methods*: Metabolites were measured using peak area, amplitude and molecular weights of metabolites in the reference solutions. In normal brain and heart autopsy, muscle and liver biopsy tissue ex vivo NMR peaks and spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times, were compared with diseased tissue NMR data in meningioma brain, myocardial infarct heart, duchene-muscular-dystrophy muscle and diffused-liver-injury liver after respective in vivo proton MR spectroscopy was done. NMR data was compared with tissue homogenate contents and serum levels of biochemical parameters.

*Results*: The quantitation of smaller NMR visible metabolites was feasible for both ex vivo NMR and in vivo MR spectroscopy. Ex vivo H-1 NMR and in vivo MRS metabolite characteristic peaks (disease/normal data represented as fold change), T1 and T2, and metabolites in tissue homogenate and serum indicated muscle fibrosis in DMD, cardiac energy depletion in MI heart, neuronal dysfunction in meningioma brain and carbohydrate-lipid metabolic crisis in DLI liver tissues.

*Conclusion*: This preliminary report highlights the biochemical-magnetic resonance correlation as basis of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging data interpretation of disease

Quantum Coherence, Coherent Information and Information Gain in Quantum Measurement

A measurement is deemed successful, if one can maximize the information gain by the measurement apparatus. Here, we ask if quantum coherence of the system imposes a limitation on the information gain during quantum measurement. First, we argue that the information gain in a quantum measurement is nothing but the coherent information or the distinct quantum information that one can send from the system to apparatus. We prove that the maximum information gain from a pure state, using a mixed apparatus is upper bounded by the initial coherence of the system. Further, we illustrate the measurement scenario in the presence of environment. We argue that the information gain is upper bounded by the entropy exchange between the system and the apparatus. Also, to maximize the information gain, both the initial coherence of the apparatus, and the final entanglement between the system and apparatus should be maximum. Moreover, we find that for a fixed amount of coherence in the final apparatus state the more robust apparatus is, the more will be the information gain.Comment: 6 Pages, Comments are welcom

Complementarity Relation for Coherence and Disturbance

Quantum measurements necessarily disturb the state of physical system. Once we perform a complete measurement, the system undergoes decoherence and loses its coherence. If there is no disturbance, the state retains all of its coherence. It is therefore natural to ask if there is trade-off between disturbance caused to a state and its coherence. We present a coherence disturbance complementarity relation using the relative entropy of coherence. For bipartite states we prove a complementarity relation between the quantum coherence, entanglement and disturbance. Similar relation also holds for quantum coherence, quantum discord and disturbance for a bipartite state. We illustrate the trade-off between the coherence and the disturbance for single qubit state for various quantum channels.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

MISSION POSSIBLE: A 100% ORGANIC WORLD

A multipronged approach encompassing documentation, policy, technology, research, marketing and govt succour, can facilitate a 100% organic world has been described in this article

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION MODEL FOR SMALL FARMER IN RAINFED ARID LAND

A production system model has been developed at model organic farm ,CAZRI,Jodhpur,India with integration of organic system and rainwater harvesting that can be proved viable for providing livelihood security and income insurance to the small farmers in rainfed arid land

Relationship between Changes in Cash Flow and Investments in Publicy Traded Restaurant Firms in the United States

This research investigated the relationship between investments in fixed assets and free cash flows of U.S. restaurant firms while controlling for future investment opportunities and financial constraints. It also investigated investment and cash-flow sensitivity in the context of economic conditions. Results suggested that investments in small firms (with higher financial constraints) had relatively weaker sensitivity to cash flows than investments in large firms (with higher sensitivity). Controlling for economic conditions did not significantly change results. While the debate over sensitivity of investments to cash flows remains unresolved, it has not been explored widely in industry contexts, especially in services such as the restaurant industry. In addition to its contribution to this literature, this paper provides implications for cash-flow management in publicly traded restaurant companies