Non-linear Oberbeck-electroconvection in a poorly conducting fluid through a vertical channel in the presence of an electric field

Non-linear Oberbeck-electroconvection (OBEC) in a poorly electrically conducting fluid through a vertical channel, when the walls are held at different temperatures with temperature difference perpendicular to gravity, is studied using the modified Navier stokes equation in the presence of both induced and an applied electric field. Both analytical and numerical solutions for the non-linear coupled equations governing the motion are obtained and found that analytical solutions agree well with numerical solutions for values of the buoyancy parameter N < 1. It is shown that OBEC can be controlled by maintaining the temperature difference either in the same direction or opposing the potential difference with a suitable value of electric number W. The effect of W on velocity, temperature, rate of heat transfer, skin friction and mass flow rate are computed and the results are depicted graphically. We found that analytical results agree well with numerical results for small values of N. We also found that an increase in W accelerates the flow and hence increases linearly the skin friction and mass flow rate. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Palmprint identification using Log Transformation of Transform Domain Features

The Palmprint is an efficient physiological biometric trait to identify a person. In this paper we propose Palmprint Identification using Log Transformation of Transform Domain Features. The Region of Interest (ROI) of palmprint image is extracted using preprocessing. The KWT and DWT are applied on preprocessed image to generate features. The KWT and DWT features of test image and database images are compared using Euclidian distance to compute EER and TSR values. The EER and TSR values of KWT and DWT are fused using Log Transformation to get better performance parameters. It is observed that the values of performance parameters are better in the case of proposed algorithm compared to existing algorithms

Synthesis of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes with 2-monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles

The reaction of the polymeric carbonyl complex RuCl 2(CO) 2 x with 2-monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles and 1,4-bis(benzimi-dazol-2-yl)benzene (L 9) in 2-methoxyethanol produces various coloured complexes of the formulae Ru(CO) 2Cl 2(L) 2·xH 2O (L = 1-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-2- -(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L 1), 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L 4), 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L 5), 1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-2-p-chloro-phenyl)benzimidazole (L 7), 1-1-(dimethylamino)benzyl-2-1-(dimethyl- amino)phenylbenzimidazole (L 10), x = 0; L = 2-benzylbenzimidazole (L 8), 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (L 9), x = 2; L = 1-(o-chlorobenzyl)-1-(o- -chlorophenyl)benzimidazole (L 6); x = 3), Ru(CO) 2Cl(L 2) 3Cl·3H 2O and Ru(CO) 2(L 3) 4Cl 2·3H 2O (L 2 = 1-(m-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(m-hydroxyphenyl)- benzimidazole; L 3 = 1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, as well as infrared, electronic, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral studies. © 2009 Copyright (CC) SCS

Magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior near the paramagnetic to ferrimagnetic phase transition temperature in TbCo2-xFex

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in TbCo2-xFex has been studied by dc magnetization measurements.On substituting Fe in TbCo2, not only the magnetic transition temperature is tuned to room temperature, but also the operating temperature range for MCE is increased from 50 K for TbCo2 to 95 K for TbCo1.9Fe0.1. The maximum magnetic entropy change (-{\Delta}SM) for TbCo1.9Fe0.1 is found to be 3.7 J kg-1 K-1 for a 5 T field change, making it a promising candidate for magnetic refrigeration near room temperature. The temperature dependent neutron diffraction study shows a structural phase transition (from cubic to rhombohedral phase with lowering of temperature) which is associated with the magnetic phase transition and these transitions broaden on Fe substitution. To investigate the nature of the paramagnetic to ferrimagnetic phase transition, we performed a critical exponent study. From the derived values of critical exponents, we conclude that TbCo2 belongs to the 3D Heisenberg class with short-range interaction, while on Fe substitution it tends towards mean-field with long-range interaction. The derived values of critical exponents represent the phenomenological universal curve for the field dependence of {\Delta}SM, indicating that TbCo2 and TbCo1.9Fe0.1 belong to two different universality classes.Comment: 12 figure

Magnetic properties of Hydrogenated Li and Co doped ZnO nanoparticles

The effect of hydrogenation on magnetic properties of Zn0.85Co0.05Li0.10O nanoparticles is presented. It was found that the sample hydrided at room temperature (RT) showed weak ferromagnetism (FM) while that hydrided at 400oC showed robust ferromagnetism at room temperature. In both cases reheating the sample at 400oC in air converts it back into paramagnetic state (P) completely. The characterization of samples by X-ray and electron diffraction (ED) showed that room temperature ferromagnetism observed in the samples hydrogenated at RT is intrinsic in nature whereas that observed in the samples hydrogenated at 400oC is partly due to the cobalt metal clusters.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

The Impact of Training on Women's Micro-Enterprise Development

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Voice performance analysis using voice codec by packet fragmentation and contention free periods in wireless networks

The admission control is required to maintain the established route between the source and the destination in the wireless network. To maintain the stability of the route, the wireless channel parameters has to be adopted appropriately. Thus, this study analyzes the wireless access medium parameter through direct coordination (DCF) and point-to-point coordination method. The packets are fragmented in DCF and contention free period interval are adjusted to study the QoS parameters for various VOIP codec using OPNET simulation tool. The result shows that packet fragmentation to 256 bytes and contention free period for 20 ms improves QoS for G.729 for Voice traffic

Evaluation of learning and memory effect of atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesia in mice

Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the learning and memory effect of lipid lowering drugs atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesic mice.Methods: The study was carried out on albino mice, divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each (either sex, 3-4 months of age, weight 25-30g). Amnesia was induced by administering Alprazolam (2mg/kg for 14 days) in all 4 groups from 1st to 14th day. In addition, group 2, 3 and 4 received Piracetam (400mg/kg), Atorvastatin (5mg/kg) and Simvastatin (5mg/kg) from 8th to 14th day respectively. The learning and memory of the animals was assessed by employing Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Step-down type passive avoidance (SDA) model.Results: Results were compared among the different groups using one way-ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. The measured parameters were compared with standard drug Piracetam. In EPM model Atorvastatin (p<0.049) and Simvastatin (p<0.007) were comparable with standard drug Piracetam, whereas in SDA model only simvastatin group (p<0.001) showed significant result.Conclusions: In EPM model, both the statins showed significant improvement in learning and memory in alprazolam induced amnesic mice. However further studies are required to support these observations