An AIoT‐driven smart healthcare framework for zoonoses detection in integrated fog‐cloud computing environments

The escalating threat of easily transmitted diseases poses a huge challenge to government institutions and health systems worldwide. Advancements in information and communication technology offer a promising approach to effectively controlling infectious diseases. This article introduces a comprehensive framework for predicting and preventing zoonotic virus infections by leveraging the capabilities of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. The proposed framework employs IoT-enabled smart devices for data acquisition and applies a fog-enabled model for user authentication at the fog layer. Further, the user classification is performed using the proposed ensemble model, with cloud computing enabling efficient information analysis and sharing. The novel aspect of the proposed system involves utilizing the temporal graph matrix method to illustrate dependencies among users infected with the zoonotic flu and provide a nuanced understanding of user interactions. The implemented system demonstrates a classification accuracy of around 91% for around 5000 instances and reliability of around 93%. The presented framework not only aids uninfected citizens in avoiding regional exposure but also empowers government agencies to address the problem more effectively. Moreover, temporal mining results also reveal the efficacy of the proposed system in dealing with zoonotic cases

Drug Therapy of Dyslipidemia in the Elderly

Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism is an important and modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which has been shown in numerous studies to lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. As cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, management of dyslipidemia is a key component of primary and secondary risk-reduction strategies. Because ASCVD risk increases with age, as the population ages, many more people-particularly the elderly-will meet guideline criteria for drug treatment. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) have an unequivocal benefit in reducing ASCVD risk across age groups for secondary prevention. However, the benefit of these drugs for primary prevention in those \u3e 75 years of age remains controversial. We strongly believe that statins should be offered for primary prevention to all older individuals after a shared decision-making process that takes polypharmacy, frailty, and potential adverse effects into consideration. When considering statin therapy in the very old, competing risks of death, and therefore the likelihood that patients will live long enough to benefit from drug therapy, should inform this process. Combination therapies with ezetimibe or proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors should be considered to facilitate the use of tolerable doses of statins. Future investigations of dyslipidemia therapies must appropriately include this at-risk population to identify optimal drugs and drug combinations that have a high benefit:risk ratio for the prevention of ASCVD in the elderly

Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Focus on Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents

BACKGROUND: Advances in our understanding of the complex pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for high-risk atherosclerotic plaque rupture resulting in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have led to the development of numerous antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for treatment of AMI. Areas covered: We review various antithrombotic drugs which were recently investigated for the treatment of AMI. A MEDLINE search for relevant articles on newer antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants drugs for the treatment of AMI was performed, and important original investigations were reviewed. We also briefly discuss agents that completed evaluation and were recently recommended by expert guidelines. Expert opinion: The antiplatelet agents cangrelor and vorapaxar and the anticoagulant rivaroxaban, have shown promise for the reduction of ischemic events when administered during, and in the acute phase following AMI. However, these agents have not been compared with more potent P2Y12 inhibitors, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. Finding an optimum combination of these agents to achieve an appropriate risk (bleeding) - benefit (reduction in ischemic events) balance is challenging. Further evaluation of agents that show promise is important for enhancing our armamentarium of pharmacologic agents for the successful treatment of AMI