Bowen ratio estimates of evapotranspiration for stands on the Virgin River in Southern Nevada

A Bowen ratio energy balance was conducted over a Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) stand growing in a riparian corridor along the Virgin River in southern Nevada. Measurements in two separate years were compared and contrasted on the basis of changes in growing conditions. In 1994, a drought year, record high temperatures, dry winds, and a falling water table caused partial wilt of outer smaller twigs in the canopy of many trees in the stand around the Bowen tower. Subsequently, evapotranspiration (ET) estimates declined dramatically over a 60‐day period (11 mm d−1 tod−1). In 1995, the Virgin River at the Bowen tower area changed its course, hydrologically isolating the Tamarix stand in the vicinity of the tower. In 1996, a 25% canopy loss was visually estimated for the Tamarix growing in the area of the tower. Higher soil temperatures relative to air temperatures were recorded in 1996 in response to this loss in canopy. With a more open canopy, thermally induced turbulence was observed in 1996. On day 160 of 1996, a 28°C rise over a 9‐hour period was correlated with increased wind speeds of greater than 4 m s−1. Subsequently, higher ET estimates were made in 1996 compared to 1994 (145 cm versus 75 cm). However, the energy balance was dominated by advection in 1996, with latent energy flux exceeding net radiation 65% of the measurement days compared to only 11% in 1994. We believe this advection was on a scale of the floodplain (hundreds of meters) as opposed to regional advection, since the majority of wind (90%) was in a N–S direction along the course of the river, and that a more open canopy allowed the horizontal transfer of energy into the Tamarix stand at the Bowen tower. Our results suggest that Tamarix has the potential to be both a low water user and a high water user, depending on moisture availability, canopy development, and atmospheric demand, and that advection can dominate energy balances and ET in aridland riparian zones such as the Virgin River

U-Pb and 207Pb-206Pb Ages of Zircons from Polymict Eucrites and Howardites.

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回南極隕石シンポジウム 11月18日（金） 国立国語研究所 2階講

Reduction Of External Suspensions Through The Use Of An Effective Administrative Discipline Plan

The author developed and implemented a model program to reduce the number of external suspensions in a middle school. The program\u27s aims were to make sure that disciplinary actions such as suspension did not interfere with a handicapped student\u27s rights to an appropriate education, and to reduce the total number of external suspensions focusing on exceptional students. The program contained three basic components: a suspension module, suspension red,1ction techniques, and computerizing data base management of all suspension data. After school staff were inserviced on proper suspension procedures a consistent administrative discipline plan was implemented. This plan consisted of non-violent crisis intervention techniques, Saturday school and the provision for a counseling component added to the internal suspension room. Collected data concluded that the targeted school was able to reduce their number of suspensions through the use of this administrative plan. The model was recommended to be used in other schools where suspension was excessive. Several writing teams were developed to enhance this program. The counseling component of this practicum will be piloted in 5 middle schools as the peer counseling component of internal suspension. (Appendices include suspension data, schoolwide discipline guidelines, a point card for internal suspension rooms, agenda items, and computerized data sheet.

New ADS Functionality for the Curator

In this paper we provide an update concerning the operations of the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), its services and user interface, and the content currently indexed in its database. As the primary information system used by researchers in Astronomy, the ADS aims to provide a comprehensive index of all scholarly resources appearing in the literature. With the current effort in our community to support data and software citations, we discuss what steps the ADS is taking to provide the needed infrastructure in collaboration with publishers and data providers. A new API provides access to the ADS search interface, metrics, and libraries allowing users to programmatically automate discovery and curation tasks. The new ADS interface supports a greater integration of content and services with a variety of partners, including ORCID claiming, indexing of SIMBAD objects, and article graphics from a variety of publishers. Finally, we highlight how librarians can facilitate the ingest of gray literature that they curate into our system.Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of Library and Information Services in Astronomy VIII, Strasbourg, Franc

Physical characteristics and functional fitness of Senior Olympic athletes

The purpose of this study was to describe the physical characteristics and determine the functional fitness of 28 female (FA) and 37 male (MA) Nevada Senior Olympic athletes from 50 to 86 years of age. Comparison groups of apparently healthy seniors (female n = 40 (FNA), male = 30 (MNA)) not competing in the Senior Olympics were also tested. A questionnaire was conducted to investigate training and lifestyle habits of the groups. Senior athlete skinfolds of the abdomen, ilium, tricep, and thigh were measured with Lange calipers. Senior athletes trained in a variety of sports, from distance running to passive sports, with varying degrees of frequency. The healthy non-athletes exercised with similar frequency. Athletes and non-athletes, though apparently healthy, had chronic health conditions related to aging such as hypertension and arthritis. Independent t-tests found that muscular strength was not significantly different between the MA and MNA, or between FA and FNA. The senior athletes tested were a highly diverse group in terms of training status, physical characteristics, and functional fitness. Therefore, it is recommended that senior athletes should be studied by subgroupings according to age and training status (frequency, intensity, time and mode). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Exercising authority: A critical history of exercise messages in popular magazines, 1925-1968

The purpose of this study was to analyze exercise messages in American popular magazines. A critical perspective and historical sociological methods were used to examine more than 500 magazine articles published from 1925 to 1968. A common factor in many articles was the use of ideology mixes. Magazines used biomedicalization, materialism, nationalism, and patriarchy in several combinations to authorize restrictive exercise norms. Exercise norms were stratified by age, class, gender, and race, but changing ideology mixes and exercise norms often reflected changes in society. Biomedicalization authorized doctors as gatekeepers. It prescribed moderate activity for affluent men, but discouraged vigorous exercise for physical laborers, women, and people over 40 years of age. Biomedicalization initially discouraged vigorous activity for boys and men then prescribed it for cardiac patients. Patriarchy promoted women\u27s figure consciousness and authorized relaxing or passive exercise and dieting to attain changing standards of beauty. Patriarchy also reminded women of parenting and housework obligations which provided exercise as work. Materialism authorized greater social support and exercise commodities for affluent people, but intellectuals used materialism to trivialize exercise as alienating low-class work. Racism was rarely overt, but status quo racism was implied by the invisibility of minority images and materialist exclusion by class. Nationalism commanded male youth to exercise for survival, and it promoted female youth for national security, but it had limited influence during peacetime. The analysis indicates that messages varied between exercise promotion and deterrence before exercise gained greater legitimacy in the 1950s and 1960s. However, media messages continued to reinforce sedentary behavior and contemporary resistance against exercise. Exercise messages have: (1) been restrictive and contradictory, (2) promoted negative myths regarding exercise in its relationship with productivity, health and weight loss, and (3) reinforced consumer desires and expectations for fast and easy results. Judging the power of magazine messages is problematic, however. Many poor people were not privy to magazine messages, and magazine consumers likely ignored or defied various messages by reading selectively. Further research should identify contemporary ideology mixes in sophisticated health and sedentary media messages. Practically, the ultimate goal is to advance consumer awareness and decision-maKin

Effect of vertical shoot-positioned, Scott-Henry, Geneva Double-Curtain, Arch-cane, and Parral Training Systems on the volatile composition of Albariño Wines

Viticultural practices influence both grape and wine quality. The influence of training systems on volatile composition was investigated for Albariño wine from Rías Baixas AOC in Northwest Spain. The odoriferous contribution of the compounds to the wine aroma was also studied. Volatile compounds belonging to ten groups (alcohols, C6-compounds, ethyl esters, acetates, terpenols, C13-norisoprenoids, volatile phenols, volatile fatty acids, lactones and carbonyl compounds) were determined in Albariño wines from different training systems, Vertical Shoot-Positioned (VSP), Scott-Henry (SH), Geneva Double-Curtain (GDC), Arch-Cane (AC), and Parral (P) during 2010 and 2011 vintages. Wines from GDC showed the highest total volatile composition with the highest concentrations of alcohols, ethyl esters, fatty acids, and lactones families. However, the highest levels of terpenes and C13-norisoprenoids were quantified in the SH system. A fruitier aroma was observed in Albariño wines from GDC when odor activity values were calculated.The authors thank to Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06RAG018E) for the financial support and Sara Buceta, Viticulture technician in Martín Códax Winery, for technical assistance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio