Synthesis of some new Thienopyrimidine with Benzoxazine, Quinazoline and Azole Moieties

Reaction of thienopyrimidinoyl chloride 3 with  2-aminocyclohexanothiophene-3-carboxamide 4 yielded thienopyrimidine derivative 5 that undergoes cyclodehydration to afford thienopyrimidine 6. The synthesis of benzamidazole 8 and benzoxazole 10 derivatives was achieved by condensation of thienopyrimidinoyl chloride 3 and o-phenylenediamine / o-aminophenol followed by cyclization. Reaction of 4-thio-6-methyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-acetylpyrimidine 1 and N(o-carboxyphenyl) chloroacetamide11 yielded pyrimidine derivative 12 that cyclized to benzoxazine 13. Compound 13 was transformed to quinazoline derivatives 14a-c and 16. Reaction of 13 with semicarbazide yielded triazoloquinazoline 18

Ethylene responsive transcription factor ERF109 retards PCD and improves salt tolerance in plant

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR for tobacco VIGS lines of 13 knocked down TFs induced 2 h post oxalic acid treatment (20 mM) as compared to their WT and VIGS line with empty pTRV2 (V2) plants. Amplicon sizes of different genes and primers used are shown in Additional file 5: Table S3. The Nbactin gene was used as the house-keeping control. Gene codes refer to those indicated in Additional file 3: Table S2. (DOCX 684 kb

Synthesis and Reactivity of 6-Iodo-4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-one Towards Nitrogen Nucleophiles and Their Antimicrobial Activities

In attempt to find new pharmacological active molecules, we synthesized 6-iodo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one and allowed it to react with some nitrogen nucleophiles namely; hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydrazine hydrate, fomamide, aliphatic amine, aromatic amines, aralkyl amine, different amino acids, heteryl amines, ethanolamine and sodium azide to afford annelated quinazolinone derivatives and other related systems. The synthesized compounds were characterized with the help of spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectra. Also their antimicrobial activities were screened against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Keywords: 6-Iodo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one; quinazolinone derivatives;  nitrogen nucleophiles; antimicrobial activity

Association of GH gene polymorphism with growth and semen traits in rabbits

[EN] Although growth hormone (GH) gene mutations are described in several species, the studies concerning their variabilities and associations with economic traits in rabbits are scarce, particularly associations with semen traits. A total of 149 rabbit bucks from five populations (V-line=36, Moshtohor line=28, APRI line=42, cross ½A½M=23, and Gabali=20) were used in the present study to identify polymorphism of c.-78 C>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of GH gene among these populations and to investigate the association of GH gene polymorphism with body weight (BW), daily weight gain (DG) and semen traits. DNA was extracted from blood samples for genotyping of c.-78 C>T SNP of GH gene based on polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The genetic diversity of SNP C>T of GH gene was assessed in terms of genotypic and allelic frequencies, effective number of alleles (Ne), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), reduction in heterozygosity due to inbreeding (FIS) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Three genotypes of TT, CC and TC of PCR product of 231 bp of GH gene were detected and all the populations were in HWE in terms of GH gene. The highest Ne was obtained for the Moshtohor line (1.978), while the lowest allelic numbers were obtained for V-line (1.715) and Gabali breed (1.800). The highest genotype frequency of GH gene was 0.48 in TT genotype of V-line, 0.21 in CC genotype of Moshtohor line, 0.67 and 0.56 in TC genotype of ½A½M and Gabali rabbits (P<0.05). The highest frequency for C allele was recorded by Moshtohor line (0.45) and the lowest frequency by Gabali (0.32). The genetic diversity scores for GH gene were intermediate (Ho=0.551, He=0.471, PIC=0.358). The values of Ho ranged from 0.444 in V-line to 0.667 in ½A½M cross, while the values of He were 0.425 in V-line and 0.508 in Moshtohor line. The values of PIC were moderate and ranged from 0.332 in V-line to 0.375 in M-line. The highest FIS was observed in Moshtohor line (0.042) and the lowest value was observed in ½A½M cross (–0.413). The CT genotype of GH gene showed the highest and significant values for body weights at 4, 8, 10 and 12 wk (542, 1131, 1465 and 1861 g) and daily gains at intervals of 4-6 and 8-10 wk (23.1 and 26.5 g). Additionally, the CT genotype recorded the highest and significant values for volume of ejaculate (1.1 mL), sperm motility (57.6%), live sperm (85.6%), normal sperm (93.1%) and sperm concentration in semen (611×106/mL), along with the lowest and significant values for dead sperms (14.4%) and abnormal sperms (6.9%).The authors are very grateful to the Central Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt for the help and support in molecular genetic analyses. This work was financially supported by the research project entitled “Genetic improvement of local rabbit breeds by using molecular genetic techniques” from the Scientific Research Fund (SRF), Benha University, Egypt.Khalil, MHE.; Zaghloul, AR.; Iraqi, MM.; El Nagar, AG.; Ramadan, SI. (2021). Association of GH gene polymorphism with growth and semen traits in rabbits. 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Assessment of growth hormone gene polymorphism effects on reproductive traits in Holstein dairy cattle in Tunisia. Arch. Anim. Breed., 61: 481-489. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-481-2018Bindu, K., Raveendran, A., Antony, S., Raghunandanan, K. 2011. Association of myostatin gene (MSTN ) polymorphism with economic traits in rabbits. In: Fibre production in South American Camelids and other fibre animals. Springer. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-727-1_16Darwish S.F., Tarek S.H., Badr M.R. 2016. Association between genotypes of growth hormone gene and semen quality traits in cow bulls and buffalo bulls. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 49: 147-152. https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.221998El-Aksher, S.H., Sherif, H.S., Khalil, M.H., El-Garhy, H.A.S., Ramadan, S. 2017. Molecular analysis of a new synthetic rabbit line and their parental populations using microsatellite and SNP markers. Gene Rep., 8: 17-23.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2017.05.001El-Sabrout K., Aggag S. 2017a. 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Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Behaviour, Mariensee, Germany, FAL, Germany.Hristova D., Tanchev S., Velikov K., Gonchev P., Georgieva S. 2017. Rabbit growth hormone and myostatin gene polymorphisms. J. Agric. Res., 2: 000133 (Open Access). https://doi.org/10.23880/OAJAR-16000133Hristova D.G., Tanchev S., Velikov K., Gonchev P., Georgieva S. 2018. Single nucleotide polymorphism of the growth hormone (GH) encoding gene in inbred and outbred domestic rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 26: 49-55. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.7211Iraqi M., Afifi E., Baselga M., Khalil M., García M. 2008. Additive and heterotic components for post-weaning growth traits in a crossing project of V-line with Gabali rabbits in Egypt. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress, 10-13 June 2008, Verona, Italy.Kalinowski, S.T., Taper, M.L., Marshall, T.C. 2007. Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. 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Genetic parameter estimates for semen production traits and growth rate of a paternal rabbit line. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 128: 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00889.xLavara, R., David, I., Moce, E., Baselga, M., Vicente, J. 2013. Environmental and male variation factors of freezability in rabbit semen. Theriogenology, 79: 582-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.007Maertens L., Gidenne T. 2016. Feed efficiency in rabbit production: nutritional, technico-economical and environmental aspects. In Proc.: 11th World Rabbit Congress, 15-18 June, Qingdao, China.Migdal L., Palka S., Kmiecik M., Derewicka O. 2019. Association of polymorphisms in the GH and GHR genes with growth and carcass traits in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Czech J. Anim. Sci., 64: 255-264. https://doi.org/10.17221/27/2019-CJASNikbin S., Panandam J.M., Yaakub H., Murugaiyah M. 2018. 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Fahmy's four quadrant sutures: a new technique for control of blood loss during cesarean delivery for placenta previa

Background: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Fahmy's four quadrant suture technique (FFQS) in controlling blood loss during cesarean delivery for placenta previa (PP).Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary University Hospital between January 2017 to December 2017 involved 12 women with heavy bleeding occurred after removal of the placenta from the lower section during cesarean delivery for PP. The FFQS technique consisted of two sutures to ligate the uterine branches on both sides and two sutures on the anterior and posterior wall of the lower uterine segment. Details regarding the management and maternal outcomes were recorded.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 29.58±5.29 years and the mean parity was 2.25±1.14. The mean gestational age at termination of pregnancy was 36.91±1.38 weeks.  The mean duration of the whole surgery was 78.75±43.28 minutes, while the mean duration of FFQS technique was only 10±2.09 minutes. The technique was exclusively effective in 8 out of 12 cases (66.67%) while 2 cases needed bilateral internal iliac artery ligation and 2 cases needed hysterectomy. The mean amount of blood loss in all cases was 2433.33±833.76 ml. the mean amount of transfused packed RBCs was 3.92±1.68 units and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was 3.42±1.44 units. All cases had uneventful postoperative course and no mortality cases in present series.Conclusions: The new technique; FFQS represents a rapid, effective, and inexpensive opportunity for women with bleeding from the lower segment of uterus due to PP. This simple procedure should be attempted before other complex measures to achieve good hemostasis

Metabolomic Response of Calotropis procera Growing in the Desert to Changes in Water Availability

Water availability is a major limitation for agricultural productivity. Plants growing in severe arid climates such as deserts provide tools for studying plant growth and performance under extreme drought conditions. The perennial species Calotropis procera used in this study is a shrub growing in many arid areas which has an exceptional ability to adapt and be productive in severe arid conditions. We describe the results of studying the metabolomic response of wild C procera plants growing in the desert to a one time water supply. Leaves of C. procera plants were taken at three time points before and 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours after watering and subjected to a metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. Analysis of the data reveals that within one hour after watering C. procera has already responded on the metabolic level to the sudden water availability as evidenced by major changes such as increased levels of most amino acids, a decrease in sucrose, raffinose and maltitol, a decrease in storage lipids (triacylglycerols) and an increase in membrane lipids including photosynthetic membranes. These changes still prevail at the 6 hour time point after watering however 12 hours after watering the metabolomics data are essentially indistinguishable from the prewatering state thus demonstrating not only a rapid response to water availability but also a rapid response to loss of water. Taken together these data suggest that the ability of C. procera to survive under the very harsh drought conditions prevailing in the desert might be associated with its rapid adjustments to water availability and losses

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Comparative Analysis of Dosimetry: IMRT versus 3DCRT in Left-Sided Breast Cancer Patients with Considering Some Organs in Out - of &ndash; Field Borders

Shaimaa G Ghazy,1 Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud,2 Ibrahim A Saleh,3 Mohamed A El-Tayeb,2 Amr A Elsaid,4 Metwally A Kotb,5 Diana A Al-Sherif,6 Heba S Ramadan,5 Ahmed Elwahsh,7,8 Ahmed M Hussein,9,10 Ahmad S Kodous11,12 1Radiation Therapy Department, Armed Forces Medical Complex, Alexandria, Egypt; 2Botany and Microbiology Department- College of Science- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan; 4Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; 5Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; 6Applied Medical Science Faculty, Sixth October University, Sixth October, Giza, Egypt; 7Central Radiology Institute, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Linz, Austria; 8Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; 9Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria; 10Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt; 11Pharmacology Department, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai, TN, India; 12Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Ahmad S Kodous; Ahmed M Hussein, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The local management approach for node-positive breast cancer has undergone substantial evolution. Consequently, there exists a pressing need to enhance our treatment strategies by placing greater emphasis on planning and dosimetric factors, given the availability of more conformal techniques and delineation criteria, achieving optimal goals of radiotherapy treatment. The primary aim of this article is to discuss how the extent of regional nodal coverage influences the choice between IMRT and 3D radiation therapy for patients.Patients and Methods: A total of 15 patients diagnosed with left breast cancer with disease involved lymph nodes were included in this study. Delivering the recommended dose required the use of a linear accelerator (LINAC) with photon beams energy of 6 mega voltage (6MV). Each patient had full breast radiation using two planning procedures: intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional radiotherapy (3D conformal). Following the guidelines set forth by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), the planned treatment coverage was carefully designed to fall between 95% and 107% of the recommended dose. Additionally, Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) were generated the dose distribution within these anatomical contours.Results and Conclusion: The DVH parameters were subjected to a comparative analysis, focusing on the doses absorbed by both Organs at Risk (OARs) and the Planning Target Volume (PTV). The findings suggest that low doses in IMRT plan might raise the risk of adverse oncological outcomes or potentially result in an increased incidence of subsequent malignancies. Consequently, the adoption of inverse IMRT remains limited, and the decision to opt for this therapy should be reserved for situations where it is genuinely necessary to uphold a satisfactory quality of life. Additionally, this approach helps in reducing the likelihood of developing thyroid problems and mitigates the risk of injuries to the supraclavicular area and the proximal head of the humerus bone.Keywords: radiotherapy, LINAC, RTOG, breast cancer, photon exposure and secondary cancer ris