The Dual Policy in the Dual Economy - The Political Economy of Urban Bias in Dictatorial Regimes

One of the most common policy obstacles in the global effort against poverty is what is termed as “urban bias” where rural residents, who constitute majority of the poor in the world, face systematic bias against their economic interests by their own governments. This paper develops a simple political economy model of urban bias in dictatorial regimes. Equilibrium outcomes relating policy outcomes with economic structure, political power, and other behavioral and structural variables are analyzed. The model shows that anti-agricultural biases can emerge in primarily agrarian societies even if there is no bias in political power between urban and rural citizens. Evidence from recent World Bank country level panel data on biases against/for agriculture provides support for the model’s prediction.Urban bias; rural poverty; dictatorship

Does agricultural growth have a causal effect on manufacturing growth?

Though the role of agricultural growth for manufacturing growth has been at the center of the discourse on economic development, empirically identifying the causal effect of agricultural growth on manufacturing growth has remained illusive for the correlation between the two doesn't necessarily imply causality. This paper attempts to overcome the identification problem. Since agriculture is heavily dependent on the weather, random weather variations are used as instruments to identify the causal impact of agricultural growth on manufacturing growth. Results show that agricultural growth has a significant positive impact on manufacturing growth. The impact is higher the higher is agriculture's share in the economy (as measured by GDP and employment share). For example, in an economy with 50% of agricultural GDP, a 1% increase in agricultural output increases manufacturing output by about 1%.Agricultural Growth, Manufacturing Growth, Instrumental variable., Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development, O14, O25, Q10,

Poor rural land property rights as a manifestation of urban bias

Though poor agricultural land property rights are typical constraints that many peasants in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have faced since independence, little has been done to explain their persistence. I will first discuss the so called evolutionary theory of property right (ETPR), which stipulates that land property rights evolve as an afficient response to the economic environment. The empirical evidence suggests that the policies adopted by African regimes are actually in sharp contrast to what the ETPR predicts. I will then present a simple political economy model with three major assumptions that are commonly observed in SSA countries: (1) de jure political power belongs to the urban elite, (2) urban unrest is a source of threat to the elite and (3) a dual economy with urban and rural sector side by side. Major prediction of the model is that, in such political and economic environment, we observe poor land property rights if there is low level of urbanization and/or large gap between rural and urban wages, which actually are features of many SSA countries.Land property rights, Urban bias, Population pressure, Rural-urban migration, Land Economics/Use,

Canadian Muslim Voting Guide: Federal Election 2019

This guide assigns a grade to each federal political party Leader\u27s response to identified key issues of importance to the interests of Canadian Muslims and the wider geopolitical concerns that affect Muslims globally. The criteria used to determine these grades has been based on whether a party leader\u27s particular political standpoints and/or policy initiatives are positive or detrimental to the interests of Canadian Muslims and the wider geopolitical concerns that affect Muslims globally

PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BORDIR DI SMP TERPADU AL-AMIN CUKANG TANJUNG KAWALU TASIKMALAYA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran keterampilan bordir di SMP Terpadu Al-Amin Cukang Tanjung Kawalu ditinjau dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penilaian hasil belajar serta tanggapan siswa kelas VIII SMP Terpadu Al-Amin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran keterampilan bordir sebagai mata pelajaran muatan lokal di SMP Terpadu Al-amin Cukang Tanjung Kawalu Tasikmalaya. Data penelitian berupa kata-kata dan tindakan yang diperoleh dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan alat bantu seperti alat tulis, dan kamera. Keabsahan data menggunakan ketekunan pengamat dan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data dengan tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran keterampilan bordir di SMP Terpadu Al-Amin ini meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian hasil belajar. 1) Perencanaan pembelajaran meliputi silabus dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) yang disusun oleh guru mata pelajaran keterampilan bordir berdasarkan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Materi pembelajarannya yaitu mengenalkan alat dan praktik bordir sederhana berupa pola dasar, serta metode pembelajaran adalah demonstrasi, tanya jawab dan pemberian tugas kepada siswa. 2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran keterampilan bordir dilaksanakan sesuai perencanaan pembelajaran yang telah dibuat dengan alokasi waktu (2 x 40 menit) yaitu praktik individu terbimbing dan kelompok. Hasil karya keterampilan bordir yang diciptakan oleh siswa berupa karya non fungsional dalam lembaran kain berukuran 30cm x 30cm berupa pola dasar bordiran. Penilaian hasil pembelajaran keterampilan bordir mencakup ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor dengan standar Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yaitu 75. Tanggapan siswa terhadap pembelajaran keterampilan bordir sangat baik, dan menyenangkan

RENCANA PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU OUTSOLE SEPATU MENGGUNAKAN MODEL P BACK ORDER DENGAN TERLEBIH DAHULU PEMILIHAN SUPPLIER MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTHICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

PT. Solindah Kita merupakan salah satu perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi Outsole sepatu dengan berbagai jenis model, ukuran, dan warna. Bahan baku yang digunakan oleh PT. Solindah Kita terdiri dari berbagai macam jenis bahan baku seperti Polyol, Isocyanate, Katalis, Pigmen, dan Hardener. Bahan baku yang digunakan merupakan jenis bahan kimia, sehingga harus dilakukan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku yang tepat agar kualitas dari bahan baku tidak menurun. Jika kualitas bahan baku menurun, maka akan mempengaruhi kualitas dari barang jadi, dan bahan baku akan berubah menjadi padat jika terlalu lama disimpan di dalam Gudang. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi biaya persediaan ongkos simpan menjadi besar. Selain itu, pemilihan supplier yang tepat pun akan mempengaruhi besarnya ongkos persediaan bahan baku, sehingga diperlukan kriteria – kriteria agar dapat memilih supplier terbaik sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu metode probabilistik dengan model P (dengan memperbolehkan back order), serta dengan menggunakan Analythical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Komponen yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini meliputi periode pembelian bahan baku untuk, total ongkos persediaan untuk tiap jenis bahan baku, dan kriteria - kriteria penentuan supplier terbaik. Jenis bahan baku yang digunakan terdiri dari 5 jenis, yaitu Polyol, Isocyanate, Katalis, Pigmen, dan Hardener. Kebutuhan bahan baku selama satu tahun untuk Polyol sebanyak 28.602 kg, Isocyanate sebanyak 54.254 kg, Katalis sebanyak 5.669 kg, Hardener sebanyak 1.775 kg, Pigmen sebanyak 130 kg. Sedangkan kriteria – kriteria yang diberikan PT. Solindah Kita untuk menentukan supplier, yaitu Kriteria Harga, Kriteria Pengiriman, dan Kriteria Kualitas.Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu periode pemesanan yang optimal untuk setiap jenis bahan baku beserta Total Ongkosnya, dimana menghasilkan penghematan terbesar sebesar Rp. 22.344.465,62, atau sebesar 0,53%. Selain itu, PT. Solindah Kita dapat memilih pemilihan supplier terbaik dengan nilai bobot tertinggi yaitu PT. Dow dengan harga yang murah, konsistensi kualitas yang bagus, dan waktu kirim. Kata Kunci : Model P, Back Order, Total Ongkos, AH

Analisis Pengaruh Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Corporate Governance, Motivasi Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Aparatur Pemerintahan (Studi Empiris pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kota Surakarta)

The aim of this research is to know the influence of the Good Corporate Governance Principles, Motivation, and Organizational Culture to the performance of Government Apparatus. The population of this research is all of the government apparatus who work at regional work unit (SKPD) Surakarta. Sampling was done by convenience sampling method and the number of the samples is 119 respondents. The data of this research is primary data by distributing questionnaire. In this research, the analysis equipment that is used is SEM with PLS (Partial Least Square) method. The finding of this research shows that the Good Corporate Governance Principles, Motivation, and Organizational Culture influence to the performance of Government Apparatus