1,640 research outputs found
Exploring the Relationship between Shadowing Instruction and L2 Reading Comprehension among Japanese University Students
Effects of Glosses on Incidental Vocabulary Learning : Which Gloss-type Works Better,L1,L2,Single Choice, or Multiple Choices for Japanese University Students?
本研究は、読解中の語彙注釈の利用が偶発的語彙習得を促すという先行研究の結果に基づき、母語訳の注、英語同意語の注、母語訳選択肢による注、英語選択肢による注の4種類を比較し、これらの4種類の注を利用した黙読が、新出単語の語彙保持率を高めるかどうかを検証した。各注が与える学習時の認知負荷の差異という観点から、初級から中級に属する日本人学習者の場合、母語選択肢による注が語彙保持を高めるという仮説を立て、2005年度に4種類の注の効果を計3回検証した。各注釈を利用した4グループの語彙保持成績の差が、一元配置分散分析により比較された結果、3回に渡り同様の傾向が見られ、母語訳選択肢による注が語彙保持率を高めることが示唆された。読解作業時に認知資源の限界という制限が加わる点、推論が記憶痕跡を高めるという観点から結果が考察された。This study explores the effects of using glosses on incidental vocabulary learning which takes place during L2 reading. In order for students to reach the 3,000 word level, which has been suggested as the minimum size of vocabulary for successful L2 reading comprehension, teachers need to assist them to increase their vocabulary in incidental vocabulary learning conditions. Since a number of L2 vocabulary studies have shown that use of glosses can play a significant role in this type of vocabulary learning, this study compared four types of glosses to find the most effective gloss-type for the retention of L2 word meanings. The gloss-types used in the study include L1 single glosses (L1 equivalent), L2 single glosses (L2 synonym), L1 multiple-choice glosses, and L2 multiple-choice glosses. From the cognitive perspective of L2 reading process which stresses that the process of reading is constrained by cognitive resources limitations, it is hypothesized that beginning or intermediate Japanese EFL learners profit more from L1 multiple-choice glosses to retain words they encounter while reading L2 texts. The hypothesis was tested three times in total, and the results of one-way ANOVA comparing the retention scores among the four gloss-type groups showed a similar tendency over the three studies, suggesting that L1 multiple-choice glosses enhance the retention of the target words better than the other three types of glosses during L2 reading
Geology and Geohistory of the Northwestern Philippine Sea, with Special Reference to the Results of the Recent Japanese Research Cruises
1) Collection of acidic intrusive rocks, schists and other basement rocks, and Eocene Nummulites is one of the most remarkable results of the recent research cruises in the Philippine Sea. 2) Pre-Cenozoic island arc activity, such as regional low pressure metamorphism, volcanism, and acidic intrusion occurred and formed non-oceanic crust of the Daito Ridge Group Region. These rocks suffered upheaval and subsequent erosion, and then overlain by the shallow sea sediments containing Nummulites and other foraminifers. Differential subsidence occurred in the Oligocene and/or the Miocene. After then, whole Daito Ridge Group Region sunk 1000-2000 m. Activities of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, such as volcanism, acidic intrusion, and upheaval occurred in the Eocene and the Oligocene. This ridge also sunk at least 600 m, since Late Miocene. It may be assumed that the Kinan Seamount Chain has not appeared before the development of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. 3) Based upon the results of the recent studies, maturity of the island arcs and ridges is suggested
A Pilot Study on the Effects of Lower-level Processing Skills on L2 Reading Comprehension : Exploring the Importance of Automatizing Bottom-up Processing in L2 Reading Instruction
シャドーイング オ リヨウシタ リーディイング シドウ ノ ジッセン フクショウ クンレン ガ ドッカイリョク ニ アタエル コウカ ニ ツイテ
基礎的な読解力には、文法力、語彙力だけでなく文字情報の音韻符号化を伴う読解課程も含まれる。しかし読解時の音韻処理効率を高める指導についてあまり研究されていない。本報告では、音韻符号化の能力を高める指導として実践したシャドーイング訓練の効果について議論する。音韻ループの効率を高めるシャドーイングがリスニングだけではなく読解にも有益であるという観点から、読解力の伸長に復唱訓練が影響するかを検証した。学期開始前後の読解テストにより指導効果を検証した結果、音声練習を取り入れた実験群と統制群とも一定の伸長が見られたが、各群を上位・下位に分けて平均差を比較した結果、実験群下位に限定的に有意な伸長が見られた。復唱指導が下位群の読解力伸長に有益であることから、本指導の読解力への効果は間接的である。音韻処理に問題がある一部の学習者のみに効果が出るという可能性について読解と音韻ループの関係から議論し、今後の研究について提案する
Effects of Extensive Reading on Reading Speed and Comprehension among Japanese University Students
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