Application of Platelet Rich Fibrin and Osseomold Bone Graft in Different Intrabony Defects – 2 Case Reports

ABSTRACT:    Aims & objectives: The motto behind any periodontal treatment is arrest of periodontal disease and regeneration of lost periodontium. Various treatment strategies have been employed in treatment of intrabony defects, but the best way to obtain regeneration is probably by mimicking the actual occurring events that takes place in the formation of the periodontal tissues at embryonic stage. Conventional open flap debridement falls short of regenerating tissues destroyed by the disease and current regenerative procedures offer a limited potential towards attaining complete periodontal regeneration.Platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a second generation platelet concentrate is widely used in osseous regeneration.Case description: The present study aimed to explore the clinical and radiographical effectiveness of autologous PRF along with the osseomold bone graft in treatment of 2 different cases of intrabony defects in chronic periodontics subjects.Conclusion: Among the 2 subjects, case-1 had 2-wall defect and case-2 patient had 3-wall defect. Both the subjects reported to the department with a complaint of food impaction and with clinically accessible >7-8mm pocket.  Pocket depth was assessed at 1st week, 6months and 9months respectively and radio graphically bone gain was accessed at 3 month and 6 months

Effect of different mouth washes as a pre-procedural rinse to combat aerosol contamination– A cross-sectional study

Background: Ultrasonic scaling is a potent source of aerosol generation in dental offices, thus causing increase risk of bacterial infections. Pre-procedural mouth rinsing has been found effective in reducing the bacterial load of the aerosol produced during the procedure. Aim and objectives: the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine and Octenidine with distilled water, by using them as preprocedural rinsing agents in reducing the bacterial load of the aerosol produced by ultrasonic scaler. Materials and Methods: 80 subjects aged 18-35years  were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of mouth rinses used for preprocedural mouthrinsing - Group 1: Distilled Water (Control), Group 2: 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX), Group 3: 0.1% Octenidine. The aerosols were collected on agar plates placed and stabilized on patient’s as well as on operator’s chest. all the agar plates were sent for microbiological analysis to the microbiological laboratory for Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count on the same day of ultrasonic scaling procedure. The data obtained was subjected to the statistical analysis using SPSS software version 20.0. Result: At all locations, the mean CFU was significantly highest in Group I, followed by Group II and Group III. It was observed that aerosol generation on patients was significantly more than operator. Conclusion: In our study 0.1% octenidine was found to be most effective preprocedural mouthwash in reducing the bacterial load in the aerosol produced during ultrasonic scaling followed by 0.2% chlorhexidine and distilled water.</jats:p

Saliva as a surrogate to explore the association between lipid profiles and chronic periodontitis: A case-control study

Background: There is abundance of literature delving into whether periodontal infection contributes to changes in serum lipid profiles. Whole saliva is an important physiologic fluid that contains a highly complex mixture of substances. Research on salivary lipid profiles and chronic periodontitis remains unexplored and limited. This study was designed with an aim to investigate the association between the chronic periodontitis and salivary lipid levels and to make use of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic aid. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 60 subjects of which, 40 were diagnosed as having chronic periodontitis based on the probing depth and clinical attachment levels and 20 healthy subjects as control group. Whole saliva was collected and lipid concentrations (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein [LDL] and high density lipoprotein [HDL]) were assessed by enzymatic methods and the values were read in ultraviolet-Spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed using student′s t test for equality of means. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean difference in the concentrations of TC and TG in saliva of chronic periodontitis patients were statistically significant (P = 0.02) when compared to the healthy. HDL and LDL concentrations were not statistically significant, but there was a difference in their means. LDL was higher in chronic periodontitis and HDL mean levels were high among the healthy. Conclusion: Increased salivary lipids in chronic periodontitis patients suggest an association between hyperlipidemia and periodontitis. The relatively easy and non-invasive nature of saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the lipid status. Further research is needed to determine its specificity as a surrogate to serum lipid profiles

Estimation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis-A Cross Sectional Clinico Biochemical Study

Objective: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in males studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to measure lipid peroxidation (as an end product of oxidative stress) end product i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in saliva of patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and to assess the influence of smokeless tobacco on Salivary Malondialdehyde (S-MDA). Materials and methods: Total 30 patients with gingivitis, 30 with chronic periodontitis and 30 Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded followed by stimulated Saliva sample collection. Salivary MDA Levels were assessed by UV Spectrophotometry. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary MDA levels in gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis when compared with healthy group. Conclusions: Higher salivary MDA levels in gingivitis group, chronic periodontitis, and smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis reflects increasedoxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.Objetivo: A pesar de los efectos reportados del tabaco sin humo (TS) sobre el periodonto y la alta prevalencia del uso de TS en poblaciones rurales y en hombres, los estudios sobre este tema específico son limitados. El propósito de esta investigación transversal fue medir el producto final de la peroxidación lipídica (como producto final del estrés oxidativo), es decir, malondialdehído (MDA) en la saliva de pacientes con gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y evaluar la influencia del tabaco sin humo en el malondialdehído salival (S-MDA). Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 30 pacientes con gingivitis, 30 con periodontitis crónica y 30 masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica y 30 sujetos periodontalmente sanos. Se registraron el índice de placa (PI), el índice gingival (GI), la profundidad de la bolsa de sondeo (PD) y la pérdida de adherencia clínica (CAL), seguidos de la recogida de muestras de saliva estimuladas. Los niveles de MDA en saliva se evaluaron mediante espectrofotometría UV. Resultados: Hubo un aumento estadísticamente significativo en los niveles de MDA en saliva en gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y en masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica en comparación con el grupo sano. Conclusiones: Los niveles más altos de MDA en saliva en el grupo de gingivitis, periodontitis crónica y masticadores de tabaco sin humo con periodontitis crónica reflejan un aumento de la actividad de los radicales de oxígeno durante la inflamación periodontal

Estimation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis-A Cross Sectional Clinico Biochemical Study

Objective: Despite the reported effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the periodontium and high prevalence of ST use in rural populations and in males studies on this specific topic are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to measure lipid peroxidation (as an end product of oxidative stress) end product i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in saliva of patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and to assess the influence of smokeless tobacco on Salivary Malondialdehyde (S-MDA). Materials and methods: Total 30 patients with gingivitis, 30 with chronic periodontitis and 30 Smokeless Tobacco Chewers with Chronic Periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded followed by stimulated Saliva sample collection. Salivary MDA Levels were assessed by UV Spectrophotometry. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary MDA levels in gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and in smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis when compared with healthy group. Conclusions: Higher salivary MDA levels in gingivitis group, chronic periodontitis, and smokeless tobacco chewers with chronic periodontitis reflects increasedoxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.</jats:p

Association of Interleukin-17 polymorphism (-197G/A) in chronic and localized aggressive periodontitis

Abstract Interleukin 17(IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate a possible association between IL-17 A genetic polymorphism at (-197A/G) and susceptibility to chronic and localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) in an Indian population. The study was carried out on 105 subjects, which included 35 LAgP patients, 35 chronic periodontitis patients and 35 healthy controls. Blood samples were drawn from the subjects and analyzed for IL-17 genetic polymorphism at (-197A/G), by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A statistically significant difference was seen in the genotype distribution among chronic periodontitis patients, LAgP patients and healthy subjects. There was a significant difference in the distribution of alleles among chronic periodontitis patients, LAgP patients and healthy subjects. The odds ratio for A allele versus G allele was 5.1 between chronic periodontitis patients and healthy controls, and 5.1 between LAgp patients and healthy controls. Our study concluded that IL-17 A gene polymorphism at (-197A/G) is linked to chronic periodontitis and LAgP in Indian population. The presence of allele A in the IL-17 gene polymorphism (-197A/G) can be considered a risk factor for chronic periodontitis and LAgP

Estimation and correlation of salivary thiocyanate levels in healthy and different forms of tobacco users having chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional biochemical study

Background: Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease with complex and multi-factorial origin. Tobacco usage has shown its adverse effect on periodontal health. Various components within saliva not only protect the integrity of oral tissues, but also provide clues to local and systemic diseases and conditions. Salivary thiocyanate (SCN) has been shown to be a chemical indicator in smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Noninvasive nature of salivary testing has made it an attractive and effective alternative to blood and urine testing. Limited studies are there comparing and correlating the salivary SCN levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP). However, no studies show correlation of salivary SCN among gutka chewers with CP. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the following study is to estimate, compare, and correlate the SCN levels in periodontally healthy, CP, smokers with CP and gutka chewers with CP subjects. Materials and Methods: Study includes 120 subjects with age 18-55 years, categorized as periodonally healthy (n = 30), CP (n = 30), smokers (n = 30), and gutka chewers (n = 30) with CP. Required clinical parameters such as gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded and salivary SCN levels were estimated through ultraviolet-spectrophotometer. Results: Mean salivary SCN level were shown to be higher among smokers and gutka chewers with CP as compared to healthy and CP alone. Conclusion: The present study exhibited the significant increase in salivary SCN levels among smokers and gutka chewers when compared to others, concluding that the analysis of salivary SCN levels could be used as an adjunctive means of diagnosis

Prevalence of archaea in chronic periodontitis patients in an Indian population

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of archaea in the subgingival crevices of patients with chronic periodontitis in an Indian population. Materials and Methods: Thirty four chronic periodontitis patients and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. Thirty four subgingival plaque samples were collected from chronic periodontitis patients, of which 17 samples were from deep pockets and 17 were from shallow pockets. Sixteen subgingival plaque samples were collected from healthy subjects. The presence of archaea in plaque samples was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Prevalence of archaea in chronic periodontitis patients was 29.4% and in healthy subjects was 11.8%, which was not a statistically significant difference. However, prevalence of archaea, in deep periodontal pockets was 47.1%, in shallow periodontal pockets was 11.8% and in healthy sulcus was 12.5%, respectively. Thus, showing a statistically significant difference between prevalence of archaea in deep periodontal pockets (47.1%) and healthy sulcus (12.5%) and also between deep periodontal pockets (47.1%) and shallow pockets (11.8%), respectively. Conclusion: Archaea were detected commonly in severe periodontitis suggesting that these microorganisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases