The Socioeconomic Effect of the Third Grade Reading Guarantee

In the state of Ohio, the Ohio Department of Education issues a requirement to all third grade classrooms in the state that they must administer a reading diagnostic to every third grade student; they have entitled this movement as the “Third Grade Reading Guarantee”. This style of testing requires every third grader in the state of Ohio to achieve a “Promotion Score” in order to then progress to their next grade the following year. If students fail to pass their reading diagnostic, they are not considered nor labeled “On Track”, and, thus, cannot move on to the fourth grade. This Guarantee officially states that their assessments help to identify every struggling reader so that they will provide the necessary, academic support and resources that he or she needs in order to read more successfully in the future. However, 6.6% of all Ohio third graders could not pass the Third Grade Reading Guarantee threshold for a list of reasons (Ohio Department of Education, 2016). There are many other factors though that may contribute to whether a student will pass or fail their reading diagnostics, such as which public school district they are enrolled and how the school expands its resources on educational funding, a struggle for many districts with financial instabilities. The school district\u27s resources and support are the key components in instruction for guiding struggling readers, ultimately determining whether a third grade student will move onto the next grade level

Fast Fashion, Honor, and the Value of Overconsumption

An analysis of the implications of fast fashion in a post-industrial society, with a focus on the environmental and human costs

The design of an intelligent human-computer interface for the test, control and monitor system

The graphical intelligence and assistance capabilities of a human-computer interface for the Test, Control, and Monitor System at Kennedy Space Center are explored. The report focuses on how a particular commercial off-the-shelf graphical software package, Data Views, can be used to produce tools that build widgets such as menus, text panels, graphs, icons, windows, and ultimately complete interfaces for monitoring data from an application; controlling an application by providing input data to it; and testing an application by both monitoring and controlling it. A complete set of tools for building interfaces is described in a manual for the TCMS toolkit. Simple tools create primitive widgets such as lines, rectangles and text strings. Intermediate level tools create pictographs from primitive widgets, and connect processes to either text strings or pictographs. Other tools create input objects; Data Views supports output objects directly, thus output objects are not considered. Finally, a set of utilities for executing, monitoring use, editing, and displaying the content of interfaces is included in the toolkit

State v. Nemeth: Equal Protection for the Battered Child

This Note analyzes the Court\u27s decision in Nemeth. Part II presents a background of the battered child syndrome followed by a discussion of the admissibility of battered woman and battered child syndrome testimony in Ohio. In addition, it contains a brief overview of Ohio\u27s ambiguous self-defense standard. Part III presents the facts, procedural history, and holding of Nemeth. Part IV analyzes the Court\u27s holding. This Note establishes why the Ohio Supreme Court should recognize the psychological equivalency of the battered woman and battered child syndromes and affirm the Nemeth holding on equal protection grounds. In doing so, the Court will ensure that abused children enjoy the same evidentiary right as abused women. Namely, the right to present expert psychological testimony to support their self-defense claims

Housing in the City of Dresden, Germany

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-169).The goal of this thesis is to develop an approach to reconfigure a district of former socialist housing with two intentions. The first, to create a stronger urban framework in the form of a master plan that is based on the planning department assumptions and values based on my research and analysis. The second, to design housing prototypes that work with the existing housing to achieve the first intention. The basis for the design is in the research of the city and its context, both in the past and present. Essentially, the development of the city can be viewed in distinct periods of growth, each having distinct block and building typologies. The most drastic change in growth occurred during the destruction of the city through fire bombing on February 13/14, 1945. History and context were erased and Dresden's 's were presented with two paradigms of rebuilding. The first was based on the principles of socialist planning and the second based on the order of the city before the war. The first paradigm was chosen as a new approach to urban design during this time period up until the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 12, 1989. This date signifies the rethinking of past ideals and traditions of the socialist city by the Germans, prompting a change in the physical form of the city in the minds of the urban planners and architects of Dresden. Based on an urban structure plan stating development guidelines, competitions were held to redesign specific areas and a master plan was created. This is the premise of this thesis. Unfortunately, their intention in the plan was to develop the major spaces and their edges, leaving areas of socialist housing untouched. Through the understanding of past and present conditions, this thesis focuses on the Seevorstadt West sector with a similar stance as the urban planners and architects in Dresden. The goal is to resolve the architecture and urbanism of socialist Dresden through the addition of new building types not to resurrect the "Florence of the Elbe", but shape the city for the future.by Robert Harrison Shoaff.S.M

Incidence of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and KCNT1-related epilepsy in Denmark

Objective: To estimate the incidence of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) and potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1 (KCNT1)-related epilepsy in Denmark and to characterize the patients diagnosed with AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy. Background: AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy are 2 distinct rare genetic disorders. Due to the rarity of AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy, the epidemiology remains unclear. The incidences for these diseases or the carriers with disease-related genetic variants remain unknown. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, non-interventional, population-based study using aggregate data from the Danish population register and hospital-based patient-level data in Denmark to identify persons with genetically confirmed AGS between January 2010 to December 2020 and KCNT1-related epilepsies between January 2012 to December 2020. Cases of these disorders were identified from in-hospital databases, and pathogenic variants were identified and confirmed by Sanger and/or whole exome (panel-based) sequencing. The incidence of AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy were estimated in separate statistical analyses. Results: A total of 7 AGS patients were identified. The mean age at AGS diagnosis was 19.4 months (median age 14 months). TREX1 (n &lt; 5) and RNASEH2B (n ≥ 5) genes were reported with confirmed pathogenic variants. The birth incidence of AGS was &lt;0.7600 per 100,000 live births. The average annual incidence rate was calculated as 0.0539 (95% CI: 0.0217–0.1111) per 100,000 persons per year in the total population &lt; 18 years (n = 7); the average annual incidence rate was &lt;0.7538 per 100,000 persons per year (n &lt; 5) in the population &lt; 12 months, and the average annual incidence rate in the population ≥ 12 months and &lt; 18 years was &lt;0.0406 per 100,000 persons per year (n &lt; 5). A total of 14 KCNT1-related epilepsy cases were identified during the study period (n = 5 in 2016, remaining 9 cases in 2013 and 2015). The mean age at diagnosis was 20.6 years (median 19 years) for KCNT1 cases. A total of 8 cases (57.1%) were ≥ 18 years, and 6 (42.9%) were &lt; 18 years at diagnosis. The phenotype autosomal dominant or sporadic sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (ADSHE) (n = 10, 71.4%) was most reported; the remaining 4 cases had either epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) or an unclassifiable developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). The birth incidence of KCNT1-related epilepsy was ≤1.1205 per 100,000 live births. The average annual incidence rates per 100,000 persons per year during the study period were 0.0431 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0236–0.0723; n = 14) in the overall population ≤ 50 years, 0.0568 (95% CI: 0.0209–0.1237; n = 6) in the population &lt; 18 years, and 0.0365 (95% CI: 0.0157–0.0718; n = 8) in the population ≥ 18 and ≤ 50 years. There were 3 families with at least 2 cases diagnosed with KCNT1-related epilepsies (on average 3.3 cases per family), indicating 10 cases in total within the 3 families. All KCNT1 cases of ADSHE phenotype came from the 3 families. The higher incidence of older ages and ADSHE cases compared with previous KCNT1 studies is likely due to the capture of prevalent and familial previously undiagnosed cases. Excluding these family cases, the average annual incidence was 0.0123 (95% CI: 0.0034–0.0315, n = 4) per 100,000 persons per year in the population ≤ 50 years during 2012–2020. Conclusions: AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy are particularly rare diseases. The annual average incidence rate of AGS was 0.0539 per 100,000 persons per year in the population &lt; 18 years and birth incidence was &lt;0.7600 per 100,000 live births during 2010–2020. The average annual incidence rate of KCNT1-related epilepsy was 0.0431 per 100,000 persons per year in the population ≤ 50 years and the birth incidence was ≤1.1205 per 100,000 live births during 2012–2020. Given similar healthcare systems and genetic pools, these findings may provide insight on the incidence of these rare diseases in the Nordics.</p

Association of the 5-HTT Gene-Linked Promoter Region (5-HTTLPR) Polymorphism with Psychiatric Disorders: Review of Psychopathology and Pharmacotherapy

Serotonin (5-HT) regulates important biological and psychological processes including mood, and may be associated with the development of several psychiatric disorders. An association between psychopathology and genes that regulate 5-HT neurotransmission is a robust area of research. Identification of the genes responsible for the predisposition, development, and pharmacological response of various psychiatric disorders is crucial to the advancement of our understanding of their underlying neurobiology. This review highlights research investigating 5-HT transporter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism, because studies investigating the impact of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism have demonstrated significant associations with many psychiatric disorders. Decreased transcriptional activity of the S allele (“risk allele”) may be associated with a heightened amygdala response leading to anxiety-related personality traits, major depressive disorder, suicide attempts, and bipolar disorder. By contrast, increased transcriptional activity of the L allele is considered protective for depression but is also associated with completed suicide, nicotine dependence, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For some disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder, the research suggests that treatment response may vary by allele (such as an enhanced response to serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors in patients with major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder with L alleles), and for alcohol dependence, the association and treatment for S or L alleles may vary with alcoholic subtype. While some studies suggest that 5-HTTLPR polymorphism can moderate the response to pharmacotherapy, the association between 5-HTTLPR alleles and therapeutic outcomes is inconsistent. The discovery of triallelic 5-HTTLPR alleles (LA/LG/S) may help to explain some of the conflicting results of many past association studies, while concurrently providing more meaningful data in the future. Studies assessing 5-HTTLPR as the solitary genetic factor contributing to the etiology of psychiatric disorders continue to face the challenges of statistically small effect sizes and limited replication

Stitching time: artisanal collaboration and slow fashion in post-disaster Haiti

The promotion of the textile and garment industries as a development strategy following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and a US-backed return to garment assembly lines has prompted an interrogation of some of the local impacts of transnational manufacturing practices in this context. This essay seeks to evaluate alternative fashion practices and social enterprises in Haiti that are currently challenging and disassembling the contemporary forms of slavery predominant in offshore low-wage garment manufacturing. These slower “ethical fashion” cooperatives integrate traditional Haitian skills and cultural konesans (knowledge) with international design languages and market savoir-faire to produce unique handcrafted pieces for the global fashion market. Yet, as this paper argues, these collaborations reveal ongoing neo-colonial inequalities that side-line Haitian agency. Their uneven modes of production and marketing strategies often involve short-term interventions by Western fashion designers that undermine Haitian expertise. This examination of artisan “development” therefore seeks to situate these enterprises in a longer history of sustainability in Haiti, and considers how stitching cloth in response to disaster can retrace the stories of loss and survival of communities and mediate cultural knowledge

A discrete-vortex analysis of flow about stationary and transversely oscillating circular cylinders

A comprehensive numerical model has been developed to investigate the characteristics of flow about a circular cylinder undergoing synchronized transverse oscillations. The model is based on the rediscretization of the shear layers, wake-boundary-layer interaction, and the dissipation of vorticity. The forces acting on the cylinder, rate of vorticity flux, Strouhal number, cylinder response, oscillations of the stagnation and separation points, longitudinal and transverse spacing of the vortices, and the base pressure have been calculated and shown to be in conformity with those obtained experimentally. The model has been used to predict the characteristics of hydroelastic oscillations of a cylinder in the range of synchronization. The numerical experiments shed considerable light on the interaction between the fluid motion in the wake and the dynamics of the body. An extensive sensitivity analysis has been carried out to determine the stability of all the parameters and hence the stability of the numerical model itself. (Author)Prepared for: Civil Engineering Laboratory Naval Construction Battalion Centerhttp://archive.org/details/discretevortexan00sarpN