COMPARISON OF FINISHING APPLICATION FOR ALIPHATIC POLYURETHANE DISPERSIONS AND POLYURETHANE/POLYACRYLATE COMPOSITE EMULSIONS

Aliphatic and aromatic cationic aqueous polyurethane (PU-1, PU-2), aliphatic anionic aqueous polyurethanes (PU-3, PU-4) were prepared with polyether glycol, polyether polyol, toluene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate as raw materials. The core-shell polyurethane/polyacrylate composite emulsions (PUA-5, PUA-6) as well as interpenetrating PUA composite emulsions (PUA-7£¬PUA-8) were prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization, the aliphatic anionic aqueous PU dispersions were used as seed particles, glycidyl methacrylate was used as the bridge of core and shell in second stage polymerization. A study using different finishing applications for pigskin garment leather was carried out with the aliphatic anionic PU dispersion, the core-shell and interpenetrating structure PUA hybrid emulsions as film forming agents. The wet rub fastness, solvent resistance, flex resistance, adhesive fastness of the coating in finished leather were measured respectively. The results are as follows: (1) the anionic PU dispersions, the core-shell and interpenetrating PUA composite emulsions showed good film forming, good covering grain damage and mending properties, and strong adhesive force to leather. The finished leathers were soft, flat, smooth, non-sticky and their grain patterns were clear; (2) The interpenetrating PUA is better than core-shell PUA and the core-sell PUA is better than the PU dispersion at wet rub fastness, solvent resistance, adhesive resistance. Both PU dispersion and core-shell PUA were better than the interpenetrating PUA at flex resistance by comparison. RESUMENPoliuretanos acuosos cati¨®nicos alif¨¢ticos y arom¨¢ticos (PU-1, PU-2) y poliuretanos acuosos ani¨®nicos alif¨¢ticos (PU-3, PU-4) fueron preparados con polieterglicol, polieterpoliol, diisocianato de tolueno y diisocianato de isoforona como materias primas. El n¨²cleo de la emulsi¨®n del compuesto poliuretano/poliacrilato (PUA-5, PUA-6), as¨ª como la emulsi¨®n del compuesto interpenetrante PUA (PUA-7, PUA-8) fueron preparadas por polimerizaci¨®n de la emulsi¨®n semilla, la dispersi¨®n acuosa del poliuretano alif¨¢tico ani¨®nico fue utilizada como part¨ªcula de semilla, metacrilato de glicidilo fue utilizado como puente del n¨²cleo y como cubierta en la polimerizaci¨®n de la segunda etapa. Un estudio basado en las diferentes aplicaciones de acabado de cuero de piel de cerdo para vestimenta se llev¨® a cabo con la dispersi¨®n de poliuretano ani¨®nico alif¨¢tico y la emulsi¨®n h¨ªbrida del n¨²cleo-recubierto y la emulsi¨®n compuesta interpenetrante PUA como agentes formadores de pel¨ªcula. La solidez a los frotes h¨²medos, la resistencia a los disolventes, la resistencia a la flexi¨®n, la solidez a la adhesi¨®n del acabado en el cuero terminado fueron respectivamente medidos. Los resultados son los siguientes: (1) la dispersi¨®n de poliuretanos ani¨®nicos, la emulsi¨®n h¨ªbrida del n¨²cleo-cubierto y la emulsi¨®n compuesta interpenetrante PUA mostraron buena formaci¨®n de pel¨ªcula, buena cobertura de defectos de flor as¨ª como buenas propiedades de reparaci¨®n, y una fuerte adhesividad al cuero. Los cueros acabados fueron blandos, lisos, suaves, no pegajosos y los rastros de flor fueron distinguibles; (2) El interpenetrante PUA es mejor que la del n¨²cleo-recubierto PUA y el n¨²cleo-recubierto PUA es mejor que la dispersi¨®n de PU en cuanto a la solidez a los frotes h¨²medos, en la resistencia a los disolventes y en la adhesividad. Tanto la dispersi¨®n de PU y el n¨²cleo-recubierto PUA fueron mejores en comparaci¨®n con el interpenetrante PUA, en la resistencia a la flexi¨®n

A sensitive and rapid HPLC-DAD method for the determination of 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridone and its distribution in rats

Purpose: To establish a sensitive and rapid method for the determination of the tissue distribution of 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridone (L1) in vivo, and its plasma protein binding capacity.Methods: This study optimized a reverse-phase HPLC method for specific and sensitive determination of L1 as well as its plasma and tissue  distributions. The optimized method was used to determine the plasma protein-binding capacity of L1 in Wistar rats.Results: A rapid, sensitive and simple HPLC-DAD method was established for studying the plasma and tissue distribution of L1. Following TI  administration, its liver concentrations peaked at 60 min and 360min, followed 360 min later with peak level in the kidney (second highest). The L1 concentration was significantly lower after 360 min than after 60 min, and values of its mean binding to plasma proteins was 5.2 % at different L1 concentrations.Conclusion: These results indicate that L1 is a drug with rapid-absorption and rapid-elimination thath is distributed widely in vivo in rats. Moreover, the drug has a weak plasma protein-binding capacity. Keywords: 3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridone, Distribution, Alzheimer’s disease, Therap

Magnetization and Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect of Co-Rich Microwires under Different Driven Currents

Co68.25Fe4.5Si12.25B15 amorphous microwires with a diameter of 34 μm were prepared via the melt extraction method. The dependency of AC driving current Iac and frequency on giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect and magnetization were investigated using a 4294A impedance analyzer and the transverse Kerr effect. The GMI effect was analyzed when Iac changed from 6 mA to 20 mA at a frequency ranging from 0.1 MHz to 15 MHz. The influence of AC current dependent on the frequency is correlated with the magnetization mechanism. The maximum transverse Kerr intensity (MTKI) decreased with the increase in Iac under direct magnetic field when the frequency was below megahertz. However, MTKI values were similar with the increase of Iac when it was over 2 MHz. Meanwhile, the GMI effect was optimized by selecting an adequate value of AC driving current Ip, at which the circular permeability was higher when the frequency was not over 2 MHz. Results showed that the influence of Iac on magnetoimpedance became weak with strong skin effect and slightly stronger GMI effect driven by a higher Iac when the frequency was between 2 MHz and 15 MHz. The skin effect turned out to be the key factor to the GMI effect; thus, there were no obvious differences in magnetization and GMI effect with AC driving current changing when the frequency was as high as 15 MHz

What They Gain Depends on What They Do: An Exploratory Empirical Research on Effective Use of Mobile Healthcare Applications

Mobile healthcare application receives widespread attention, although it has advanced technology and user-friendly design, when users don’t use it effectively, it seems worthless. Research mainly focus on technology improvement. But how to improve user behavior to match the technology is another essential factor for facilitating effective use from managerial perspective. We introduced the task technology fit theory to explain the mechanism when user using the applications. We added perceived e-health literacy as moderator variable, considering the user characteristic and medical environment. The data was collected from student samples of two schools (medical and non-medical related universities), totally 178 valid samples. Our research indicates adaptation and learning behavior have significantly positive impact on the efficiency use and effectiveness use. The perceived e-health literacy only has significant moderator effect on learning behavior. Our study provides practical implications for both software providers and users to achieve effective use of mobile healthcare applications

Separate analysis of human papillomavirus E6 and E7 messenger RNAs to predict cervical neoplasia progression

A few studies previously suggested that human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 messenger RNA (mRNA) may exist uniformly in all grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), whereas the detection rate of E7 mRNA may increase with disease progression from low-grade CIN to invasive carcinoma. The aim of this study was to clarify the different roles of E6 and E7 mRNAs in cervical carcinogenesis. The presence of each E6 and E7 mRNA was analyzed in 171 patients with pathologically-diagnosed CIN or cervical carcinoma. We utilized a RT-PCR assay based on consensus primers which could detect E6 mRNA (full-length E6/E7 transcript) and E7 mRNAs (spliced E6*/E7 transcripts) separately for various HPV types. E7 mRNAs were detected in 6% of CIN1, 12% of CIN2, 24% of CIN3, and 54% of cervical carcinoma. The presence of E7 mRNAs was significantly associated with progression from low-grade CIN to invasive carcinoma in contrast with E6 mRNA or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA (p = 0.00011, 0.80 and 0.54). The presence of both E6 and E7 mRNAs was significantly associated with HPV16/18 DNA but not with HR-HPV DNA (p = 0.0079 and 0.21), while the presence of E6 mRNA was significantly associated with HR-HPV DNA but not with HPV16/18 DNA (p = 0.036 and 0.089). The presence of both E6 and E7 mRNAs showed high specificity and low sensitivity (100% and 19%) for detecting CIN2+ by contrast with the positivity for HR-HPV DNA showing low specificity and high sensitivity (19% and 89%). The positive predictive value for detecting CIN2+ was even higher by the presence of both E6 and E7 mRNAs than by the positivity for HR-HPV DNA (100% vs. 91%). In 31 patients followed up for CIN1-2, the presence of both E6 and E7 mRNAs showed significant association with the occurrence of upgraded abnormal cytology in contrast with E6 mRNA, HR-HPV DNA, or HPV16/18 DNA (p = 0.034, 0.73, 0.53, and 0.72). Our findings support previous studies according to which E7 mRNA is more closely involved in cervical carcinogenesis than E6 mRNA. Moreover, the separate analysis of E6 and E7 mRNAs may be more useful than HR-HPV DNA test for detecting CIN2+ precisely and predicting disease progression. Further accumulation of evidence is warranted to validate our findings