Ethnic-specific suggestions for physical activity based on existing recreational physical activity preferences of New Zealand women

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Wage determination in the men's shoe industry : a case study of the shoe producing district centered around Brockton, Massachusetts

Thesis (Ph.D.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Economics, 1949.Vita.Bibliography: leaves 441-447.by George Pratt Shultz.Ph.D

Pilot Design and Piloting plan (v1.0)

The objective of WP2 “Tracking hazards and potential measures” is define and outline the piloting settings so as to track the potential hazards across the Bluebio value chain affecting food quality and safety along three crucial value chains in Europe, and more precisely: 1) the Atlantic salmon value chain, 2) the Atlantic whitefish value chain, and 3) the Mediterranean seabream/seabass value chain. In addition to tracking potential hazards, WP2 is targeting to map the critical parameters affecting the quality and also the safety, by employing noninvasive sensors (VideometerLab and VideometerLite), laboratory respectively portable multispectral imaging instruments; meaning the use of non-destructive measures to be included in the iFish Management System (iFMS) for hazard control, prevention and alerting mechanism to be developed within the project. In this report, we present the identified variables, as they stem out from the mapping of the needs of the related stakeholders in tandem with the potential/envisioned hazards inherent along the three value chains considered in the project; a work performed in Task 2.1 (please refer to D2.1 for more details). So, using the output from Task2.1 we are able to define and select the appropriate parameters, measures, and sensor strategies to be implemented into the first iFMS pilot. Since the selected, aforementioned, three value chains have their specific challenges, the three responsible research partners: NTNU, AUA, and UoI have focused their efforts on the value chain of Atlantic salmon, Gilthead seabream/European seabass, and Atlantic whitefish, respectively. This deliverable consists the first version of the pilots that will be performed during the project, mainly focusing to the feasibility of the proposed scheme of tracking and quality assessment along the food chain with the employed noninvasive instrument under real or close to real conditions. Additionally, the aim also is to populate a reference lake of appropriate datasets for model development. Models that will be able to predict, identify and report quality and tracking information along the food, fish “journey” from the initial production to the consumers’ hands.publishedVersio

Marketing as a means to transformative social conflict resolution: lessons from transitioning war economies and the Colombian coffee marketing system

Social conflicts are ubiquitous to the human condition and occur throughout markets, marketing processes, and marketing systems.When unchecked or unmitigated, social conflict can have devastating consequences for consumers, marketers, and societies, especially when conflict escalates to war. In this article, the authors offer a systemic analysis of the Colombian war economy, with its conflicted shadow and coping markets, to show how a growing network of fair-trade coffee actors has played a key role in transitioning the country’s war economy into a peace economy. They particularly draw attention to the sources of conflict in this market and highlight four transition mechanisms — i.e., empowerment, communication, community building and regulation — through which marketers can contribute to peacemaking and thus produce mutually beneficial outcomes for consumers and society. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for marketing theory, practice, and public policy

Reflexion and reflection: A social cognitive neuroscience approach to attributional inference

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The mysteries of mammatus clouds: Observations and formation mechanisms

Mammatus clouds are an intriguing enigma of atmospheric fluid dynamics and cloud physics. Most commonly observed on the underside of cumulonimbus anvils, mammatus also occur on the underside of cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, and stratocumulus, as well as in contrails from jet aircraft and pyrocumulus ash clouds from volcanic eruptions. Despite their aesthetic appearance, mammatus have been the subject of few quantitative research studies. Observations of mammatus have been obtained largely through serendipitous opportunities with a single observing system (e.g., aircraft penetrations, visual observations, lidar, radar) or tangential observations from field programs with other objectives. Theories describing mammatus remain untested, as adequate measurements for validation do not exist because of the small distance scales and short time scales of mammatus. Modeling studies of mammatus are virtually nonexistent. As a result, relatively little is known about the environment, formation mechanisms, properties, microphysics, and dynamics of mammatus. This paper presents a review of mammatus clouds that addresses these mysteries. Previous observations of mammatus and proposed formation mechanisms are discussed. These hypothesized mechanisms are anvil subsidence, subcloud evaporation/sublimation, melting, hydrometeor fallout, cloud-base detrainment instability, radiative effects, gravity waves, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, and Rayleigh-Bénard-like convection. Other issues addressed in this paper include whether mammatus are composed of ice or liquid water hydrometeors, why mammatus are smooth, what controls the temporal and spatial scales and organization of individual mammatus lobes, and what are the properties of volcanic ash clouds that produce mammatus? The similarities and differences between mammatus, virga, stalactites, and reticular clouds are also discussed. Finally, because much still remains to be learned, research opportunities are described for using mammatus as a window into the microphysical, turbulent, and dynamical processes occurring on the underside of clouds. © 2006 American Meteorological Society