Who Bears the Cost?

Many municipalities in the United States, especially in rapidly growing areas, are considering or have adopted impact fee systems to help pay for the costs of new growth. Although such systems are a logical response to development pressures and the need for providing capital facilities, they may violate well-established planning law traditions. This timely article explores whether impact fee programs conflict with principles of planning and the due process of law, both of which have been integral to the development of modem planning law

A Complementary Resistive Switch-based Crossbar Array Adder

Redox-based resistive switching devices (ReRAM) are an emerging class of non-volatile storage elements suited for nanoscale memory applications. In terms of logic operations, ReRAM devices were suggested to be used as programmable interconnects, large-scale look-up tables or for sequential logic operations. However, without additional selector devices these approaches are not suited for use in large scale nanocrossbar memory arrays, which is the preferred architecture for ReRAM devices due to the minimum area consumption. To overcome this issue for the sequential logic approach, we recently introduced a novel concept, which is suited for passive crossbar arrays using complementary resistive switches (CRSs). CRS cells offer two high resistive storage states, and thus, parasitic sneak currents are efficiently avoided. However, until now the CRS-based logic-in-memory approach was only shown to be able to perform basic Boolean logic operations using a single CRS cell. In this paper, we introduce two multi-bit adder schemes using the CRS-based logic-in-memory approach. We proof the concepts by means of SPICE simulations using a dynamical memristive device model of a ReRAM cell. Finally, we show the advantages of our novel adder concept in terms of step count and number of devices in comparison to a recently published adder approach, which applies the conventional ReRAM-based sequential logic concept introduced by Borghetti et al.Comment: 12 pages, accepted for IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems (JETCAS), issue on Computing in Emerging Technologie

Analytic Model Of Electron Self-Injection In A Plasma Wakefield Accelerator In The Strongly Nonlinear Bubble Regime

Self-injection of background electrons in plasma wakefield accelerators in the highly nonlinear bubble regime is analyzed using particle-in-cell and semi-analytic modeling. It is shown that the return current in the bubble sheath layer is crucial for accurate determination of the trapped particle trajectories.Physic

Monoenergetic Acceleration Of A Target Foil By Circularly Polarized Laser Pulse In Rpa Regime Without Thermal Heating

A kinetic model of the monoenergetic acceleration of a target foil irradiated by the circularly polarized laser pulse is developed. The target moves without thermal heating with constant acceleration which is provided by chirping the frequency of the laser pulse and correspondingly increasing its intensity. In the accelerated reference frame, bulk plasma in the target is neutral and its parameters are stationery: cold ions are immobile while nonrelativistic electrons bounce back and forth inside the potential well formed by ponderomotive and electrostatic potentials. It is shown that a positive charge left behind of the moving target in the ion tail and a negative charge in front of the target in the electron sheath form a capacitor whose constant electric field accelerates the ions of the target. The charge separation is maintained by the radiation pressure pushing electrons forward. The scalings of the target thickness and electromagnetic radiation with the electron temperature are found.Physic

Wirkung auf Lernerfolg und Motivation durch Debriefing in Unternehmensplanspielen

Ausgelöst durch den Strukturwandel und die damit einhergehende Tertiarisierung im Dienstleistungssektor werden heutzutage höhere Anforderungen an Auszubildende gestellt. Es ergeben sich neue Tätigkeits- und Kompetenzprofile im Bereich Wissen, Kommunikations- und Problemlösefähigkeit. An erster Stelle steht dabei die Kommunikation mit Personen und die Fähigkeit zum Umgang mit Wissen, d. h. der Umgang mit Symbolen und Abstraktionen, Denken und Handeln in komplexen Zusammenhängen, stärkeres Engagement und Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit und die Fähigkeit und Bereitschaft zu ständigem Lernen. Die Berufsausbildungssysteme in Deutschland geraten vor dem Hintergrund dieser Veränderungen mehr und mehr in die Bedrängnis, auf der einen Seite keine grundlegend veränderten Fähigkeiten von Schulabgängern aus dem allgemeinbildenden System vorzufinden, diese aber auf veränderte und zumeist deutlich höhere berufliche Anforderungen vorbereiten zu müssen. [...] Die Forschungsfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit lautet demnach: „Beeinflusst der Einsatz von Debriefing-Methoden im Unterricht mit dem komplexen Lehr-Lern-Arrangement Planspiel die Höhe der Motivation und des Lernerfolges von Auszubildenden in der Berufsschule?” (DIPF/Orig.

Mujeres en conflictos: La construcción de identidad colectiva en MEMCH’83

The chilean women's movement of the 80th integrated organizations from different social and political backgrounds, that mobilized around several different aims. For the coordination of these heterogeneous groups in united and public activities coordination groups were formed, which had to cope with the challenge of uniting the different women through a collective identity. The present article studies the strategies for collective identity construction in MEMCH'83 - a coordinating organization of the women's movement. It turns out, that collective identity is not a static concept, but a constant interacting process between different social actors. That is why the present analysis of the integrating strategies in MEMCH'83 focuses especially on the interdependances between collective identities and different typs of conflicts.El movimiento chileno de mujeres en los años 80 integraba agrupaciones femeninas de diferentes ámbitos sociales y políticos que se movilizaron al rededor de varios objetivos. Para la coordinación de estas agrupaciones heterogéneas en actividades unidas y públicas se formaron grupos coordinadores que enfrentaron el desafío de la heterogeneidad del movimiento a través de la construcción de una identidad colectiva. El presente ensayo investiga las estrategias de la construcción de esta identidad colectiva en el MEMCH'83 - una organización coordinadora del movimiento de mujeres. Resulta que la identidad colectiva no es una entidad estática pero un proceso continuo de interacción con diferentes actores sociales. Por lo tanto, el presente análisis de las estrategias integrativas en MEMCH'83 se enfoca especialmente en la interdependencia de identidades colectivas con diferentes tipos de conflicto

The Impact of State Certification of Community Health Workers on Team Climate Among Registered Nurses in the United States

A number of states have adopted certification programs for community health workers (CHWs) to improve recognition of CHWs as members of health care teams, increase oversight, and to provide sustainable funding. There has been little research into the impact of state CHW certification on the diffusion and adoption of CHWs into existing health care systems. This study examined the impact of state CHW certification on the perceptions of team climate among registered nurses (RNs) who work with CHWs in states with and without CHW certification programs. The study recruited RNs using a purposeful sampling method and used an online survey, which included the Team Climate Inventory (TCI), and compared the perceptions of team climate between the two groups. The study found no significant differences in the overall mean TCI score or TCI subscale scores between RNs who work in states with CHW certification programs (n=81) and those who work in states without CHW certification programs (n=115). There was a statistically significant difference on one survey question regarding whether RNs believe state certification of CHWs improved the ability of their health care team to deliver quality care. More research is needed to assess impact of state certification of CHWs and other factors that influence the diffusion and adoption of CHWs into the current health care system