Guano-derived nutrient subsidies drive food web structure in coastal ponds

A stable isotope study was carried out seasonally in three coastal ponds (Marinello system, Italy) affected by different gull guano input to investigate the effect of nutrient subsidies on food web structure and dynamics. A marked 15N enrichment occurred in the pond receiving the highest guano input, indicating that gull-derived fertilization (guanotrophication) had a strong localised effect and flowed across trophic levels. The main food web response to guanotrophication was an overall erosion of the benthic pathway in favour of the planktonic. Subsidized primary consumers, mostly deposit feeders, switched their diet according to organic matter source availability. Secondary consumers and, in particular, fish from the guanotrophic pond, acted as couplers of planktonic and benthic pathways and showed an omnivorous trophic behaviour. Food web structure showed substantial variability among ponds and a marked seasonality in the subsidized one: an overall simplification was evident only in summer when guano input maximises its trophic effects, while higher trophic diversity and complexity resulted when guano input was low to moderate

Bottom-Up Control of Macrobenthic Communities in a Guanotrophic Coastal System

Soft bottom macrobenthic communities were studied seasonally in three coastal ponds (Marinello ponds, Italy) at increasing distances from a gull (Larus michahellis) colony to in- vestigate the effect of seabird-induced eutrophication (i.e. guanotrophication) on macro- benthic fauna.We hypothesized that enhanced nutrient concentration and organic load caused by guano input significantly alter the trophic and sedimentological condition of ponds, affecting benthic fauna through a bottom-up control. The influence of a set of envi- ronmental features on macrobenthic assemblages was also tested. Overall, the lowest macrobenthic abundances and functional group diversity were found in deeper sites, espe- cially in the pond characterised by severe guanotrophication, where the higher disturbance resulted in a decline in suspension feeders and carnivores in favour of deposit feeders. An increase in opportunistic/tolerant taxa (e.g. chironomid larvae and paraonids) and totally azoic sediments were also found as an effect of the harshest environmental conditions, re- sulting in a very poor ecological status. We conclude that macrobenthic assemblages of the Marinello coastal system display high spatial variability due to a synergistic effect of trophic status and the geomorphological features of the ponds. Themacrobenthic response to gua- notrophication, which was a clear decrease in abundance, diversity and trophic functional groups, was associated with the typical response to severe eutrophication, magnified by the geomorphological features

Getting Straight to the Point: a Bystander Training for College Students To Address Sexuality-and Gender-Specific Microaggressions in Schools

Research suggests that school climate is a critical component in a student’s sense of safety within a school and is the foundation for student-staff relationships. Despite this recognition, school staff demonstrate an insufficient intention to intervene on witnessed acts of gender- and sexuality-based inequity and grapple with discerning what these inequities look like (Kitzinger, 2005; Thapa et al., 2013). Some research has begun to target this gap in what intervention looks like, showing signs of positive effects on microaggression workshops increasing participant intention to intervene (Ackerman-Barger et al., 2021; Moors et al., 2022). I recruited 31 undergraduate students to participate in a gender- and sexuality-based microaggressions workshop in order to close this gap in knowledge and intention to intervene in the school setting, hypothesizing that participating in the workshop would lead to increased knowledge of microaggressions, attitudes towards LGBTQ+ youth, and intentions to intervene on witnessed behavior. Results were inconsistent as the sample size was too small to produce enough power, yet marginal significance was found suggesting increased positive attitudes might moderate the relation between a participant’s engagement in the workshop and their intention to intervene on future situations of harm

A Story of Marguerite: A Tale about Panis, Case Comment, and Social History

Those interested in social history contend that social norms deserve attention due to how they impact and are affected by historical events. This subfield has contributed significantly to how larger historical mosaics are understood, and how themes specific to marginalized groups are appreciated today. By presenting the story of enslaved Indigenous woman in New France who was the first Indigenous civil litigant in Canadian history, and focusing on her representation in the colonial legal system, a number of themes emerge. Canada’s history of slavery becomes better understood, and in so doing, a challenge to social historians is presented. By examining the legal procedure applied to an Indigenous litigant’s circumstances, and then dissecting the events that followed, the strength of social norms during her time is appreciated more fully. Integrating an era’s legal doctrine into historical analysis augments the social historian’s search for society influence on the individual in history

Review of \u3ci\u3eCanada\u27s Indigenous Constitution\u3c/i\u3e. By John Borrows.

This text\u27s major thesis, that Canada cannot presently, historically, legally, or morally claim to be built upon European-derived law alone, has been mentioned before. Yet in those earlier musings by Borrows and others, such a statement has never been documented so well as it is here. Borrows contemplates that others, besides those sympathetic with Indigenous perspectives, might just admit such a thesis is the case. Moreover, they might also support the creation of social and economic policies that demonstrate such a belief. But observing it in Canada\u27s current legal system-really? Keenly aware of skeptics, Borrows has thought as much about his method as his content. As a result, he trumps other authors by using the proverbial master\u27s tools to take down the master\u27s house, revealing to us that the Canadian legal system is, first and foremost, imbued with Indigenous law. The problem, he simultaneously details, is that too many people do not interpret it as such

A Story of Marguerite: A Tale about Panis, Case Comment, and Social History

Those interested in social history contend that social norms deserve attention due to how they impact and are affected by historical events. This subfield has contributed significantly to how larger historical mosaics are understood, and how themes specific to marginalized groups are appreciated today. By presenting the story of enslaved Indigenous woman in New France who was the first Indigenous civil litigant in Canadian history, and focusing on her representation in the colonial legal system, a number of themes emerge. Canada’s history of slavery becomes better understood, and in so doing, a challenge to social historians is presented. By examining the legal procedure applied to an Indigenous litigant’s circumstances, and then dissecting the events that followed, the strength of social norms during her time is appreciated more fully. Integrating an era’s legal doctrine into historical analysis augments the social historian’s search for society influence on the individual in history

Lexical revisions and filled pauses : associations with vocabulary knowledge in bilingual children

textPurpose: The current study examined lexical revisions and filled pauses as related to vocabulary knowledge and language experience in bilingual children with and without language impairment. Method: Participants included Spanish-English speaking bilingual children (n=30) aged 84-103 months. Children were designated into one of three language groups based on language ability (typically-developing, language-impaired, and at-risk typically-developing). Narratives from the Test of Narrative Language were transcribed and coded in Spanish and English for lexical revisions and filled pauses. Lexical revisions and filled pauses in each language were then correlated with measures of vocabulary knowledge provided through the narrative sample (MLU and NDW) and standardized testing (EOWPVT and BESAME Semantics scores). Results: The current study found that the typically-developing group exhibited significantly more lexical revisions in Spanish and significantly more filled pauses in English and Spanish compared to the at-risk typically-developing and language-impaired groups. NDW significantly correlated with total maze use, lexical revisions, and filled pauses in both English and Spanish. No significant correlations were observed between language dominance or language exposure to either lexical revisions or filled pauses. Lexical revisions and filled pauses were significantly correlated to each other within each language, and significantly correlated across the languages. Conclusions: Results suggest that lexical revisions and filled pauses are more closely related to vocabulary knowledge than to language dominance or exposure. Lexical revisions and filled pauses were produced more in children with higher levels of vocabulary knowledge as measured by NDW as opposed to MLU or standardized test measures. Lexical revisions and filled pauses demonstrated correlations across and within languages, indicating that language experience does not seem to play a role in their use.Communication Sciences and Disorder

A Story of Marguerite: A Tale about Panis, Case Comment, and Social History

Those interested in social history contend that social norms deserve attention due to how they impact and are affected by historical events. This subfield has contributed significantly to how larger historical mosaics are understood, and how themes specific to marginalized groups are appreciated today. By presenting the story of enslaved Indigenous woman in New France who was the first Indigenous civil litigant in Canadian history, and focusing on her representation in the colonial legal system, a number of themes emerge. Canada’s history of slavery becomes better understood, and in so doing, a challenge to social historians is presented. By examining the legal procedure applied to an Indigenous litigant’s circumstances, and then dissecting the events that followed, the strength of social norms during her time is appreciated more fully. Integrating an era’s legal doctrine into historical analysis augments the social historian’s search for society influence on the individual in history