Explorations 1988

Explorations 1988 is Literary Publication from the University of Alaska Southeast.The United Students of the University of Alaska Southeast. The UAS School of Education and Liberal Arts.Self-Portrait / Tromble, Kristen -- Editor’s Notes / Smith, David -- Afyoukaranisar / Szubinski, John J. -- from my silent whisper / Lee, Raymond -- Christians, Wolfe, and Tyger By My Pause / Steele, John -- Lines Written on a Cocktail Napkin in the Sort of Place That has Puccini on the Jukebox / McAlpine, Katherine -- Aria D’entrata / McAlpine, Katherine -- 75 ties / Lawrence, Sean A. -- On Being Surrounded by Chipmunks Eating Ice Cream / Donovan, Jan Ni -- Totem / Robertson, Heather -- Revelation / Stanek, Ed -- Shadows / Stanek, Ed -- The Savior / Knight, Kit -- Feline Agitation? / Olds, David -- Love, That Weedy Flower / Olds, David -- Letter to Stafford at Oswego / Zydek, Fredrick -- My Father’s House / Zydek, Frederick -- Lucie De Graaff, Rotterdam, 1943 / McAlpine, Katherine -- Homeward Drifting / Miller, Phillip -- Dog at Table / Russel, Jonathan -- Endless Uses / Hay Sr., Richard F. -- Love is not Blind: Love Sees More / Hay Sr., Richard F. -- Hula Girl / Richards, Marilee -- Mr. Right / Atherton, MaSchelle -- Tramp / Szarzi, Jeffrey S. -- a partial suicide / Land, Thomas Grover -- Growing Up / McAlpine, Katherine -- What I Remember, and What Was / Rae, Mary -- The Blindfold on Justice was Gauze / Donovan, Jan Ni -- “RAPE Fantasies”? You’ve Got to Be Kidding! / Spincher, Sande A. -- Love / Phillips, Moir

Explorations 2002

Explorations 2002 is rendered with generous support by the University of Alaska (President’s Office, UAA Arts & Sciences, UAF Chancellor’s Office, & UAS Academic Programs), by volunteer editorial boards, & by reader fees from writers across Alaska, the US, Canada, & Europe.University of Alaska President’s Office. University of Alaska Anchorage Arts and Sciences. University of Alaska Fairbanks Chancellor’s Office. University of Alaska Southeast Academic Programs.Stream Dreams, Reflections / Riccio, David -- Editor’s Final Message / Petersen, Art -- Killing Country / Flygare, Sarah -- The Woman Saying Goodbye / Walt, Jeffery -- The Suchitoto Women’s Committee After the War / Golden, Renny -- Apricots / Bingham, Sallie -- 322 Washington Street / Perrine, Jennifer -- Alaska Native Writers, Editor’s Notes / Breinig, Jeane -- Native Spirits / Hayes, Ernestine -- For Chris / Vlasoff, Martha -- It Is / Stevens, Gary -- Haunt / Kaine, Joan -- Graduates / Westman, Freda -- Generic Guru / Chapman, Anna -- Out Back Alaska / Pilcher, Leanne -- Clam Tide / Pilcher, Leanne -- A Child Handed Down / Hunter, Laura -- The Intensive Care Cafe / Tenerelli, M. J. -- Telling Bones / Prescott, Vivian Faith -- Mojave Dying / Martindale, Howie -- Medical School / Zack, Michael -- Coming Ashore in the Skiff / Pazar, Theresa -- Pastoral / Thomas, Joyce -- Tree Rings / Murphy, Kate -- Autonomous / Emmons, Jeanne -- Old Pond / Lawder, Douglas -- Sa’rai In Egypt / Golos, Veronica -- Nick at Night / Dye, Jeffrey -- About Goodbye / Carbone, Ute -- The Seaman: A Modern Hero / Dailey, Robert -- Winter / Kelsey, J. -- Cape Valero / Winakur, Emily -- Apache Pass / Richardson, Jeff -- Sitka / Podulka, Fran Doyle -- A Still Daybreak / Cantil-Voorhees, Ayaire -- Timelessly kosher / Lecomte, Serge -- Jobs / Goodwin, Frederick Farryl -- Potlatch / Mishler, Susanna -- The Medusa / Scartabello, Peter -- Gift / Sydenham, Nancy -- Image of Sitka High / Pazar, Theresa -- Bloated Sonnet / Haber, Leo -- Contributor and Participant Notes -- Stream Dreams, Dayglow Spring #1 / Riccio, Davi

Explorations 1985-86

Explorations contains writing and art by members of the University of Alaska-Juneau Community and the Community of the State of Alaska.Cover Illustration / Widom, Dianne -- Editor’s Notes / Davee, Danielle A. -- Mr. Elliot / Schaaf, Kim -- Pattita / Dillingham, H. Brett -- Song in Brown Bear Country / Knoeller, Christian -- Untitled / Rounsaville, Steve -- Watching the Sea Gulls / Adams, Kevin -- Line Drawing / Ciri, Mike -- Black Swan / Riccio, David -- Valentine Song / Blue, Lily -- November First / Tyrell, Karen -- Untitled / Simonelli, Nadine -- Varieties of Light / Knoeller, Christian -- Bernice’s Friend / Kovanen, Debbre -- Dead End Street / Davee, Ginny Marie -- The Lilac Bush / Davee, Ginny Marie -- Mc-Hoe / O’Daniel, Kathleen -- Fifteen Years Ago / Sorrel, Doug -- Night Skiing/Douglas Ak. / McCormick, Mike -- Tanaina Passover / Martinez, Marjorie -- Where I’d Rather Be / Chisam, William E. -- On a Tightrope / Chisam, William E. -- Motorcycling England / Steele, John -- The Dragon / Trampush, John -- Such a Haughty Wench is Autumn / Lysell, Karen -- Sunday Down / Lysell, Karen

Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest : Why inventory is a vital science

Study of all flies (Diptera) collected for one year from a four-hectare (150 x 266 meter) patch of cloud forest at 1,600 meters above sea level at Zurqui de Moravia, San Jose Province, Costa Rica (hereafter referred to as Zurqui), revealed an astounding 4,332 species. This amounts to more than half the number of named species of flies for all of Central America. Specimens were collected with two Malaise traps running continuously and with a wide array of supplementary collecting methods for three days of each month. All morphospecies from all 73 families recorded were fully curated by technicians before submission to an international team of 59 taxonomic experts for identification. Overall, a Malaise trap on the forest edge captured 1,988 species or 51% of all collected dipteran taxa (other than of Phoridae, subsampled only from this and one other Malaise trap). A Malaise trap in the forest sampled 906 species. Of other sampling methods, the combination of four other Malaise traps and an intercept trap, aerial/hand collecting, 10 emergence traps, and four CDC light traps added the greatest number of species to our inventory. This complement of sampling methods was an effective combination for retrieving substantial numbers of species of Diptera. Comparison of select sampling methods (considering 3,487 species of non-phorid Diptera) provided further details regarding how many species were sampled by various methods. Comparison of species numbers from each of two permanent Malaise traps from Zurqui with those of single Malaise traps at each of Tapanti and Las Alturas, 40 and 180 km distant from Zurqui respectively, suggested significant species turnover. Comparison of the greater number of species collected in all traps from Zurqui did not markedly change the degree of similarity between the three sites, although the actual number of species shared did increase. Comparisons of the total number of named and unnamed species of Diptera from four hectares at Zurqui is equivalent to 51% of all flies named from Central America, greater than all the named fly fauna of Colombia, equivalent to 14% of named Neotropical species and equal to about 2.7% of all named Diptera worldwide. Clearly the number of species of Diptera in tropical regions has been severely underestimated and the actual number may surpass the number of species of Coleoptera. Various published extrapolations from limited data to estimate total numbers of species of larger taxonomic categories (e.g., Hexapoda, Arthropoda, Eukaryota, etc.) are highly questionable, and certainly will remain uncertain until we have more exhaustive surveys of all and diverse taxa (like Diptera) from multiple tropical sites. Morphological characterization of species in inventories provides identifications placed in the context of taxonomy, phylogeny, form, and ecology. DNA barcoding species is a valuable tool to estimate species numbers but used alone fails to provide a broader context for the species identified.Peer reviewe

Explorations 1999

Explorations ‘99, in its 18th year, is sponsored by generous support from the University of Alaska in Southeast (UAS Academic Programs) and Anchorage (UAA College of Arts & Sciences), a volunteer editorial board, and reader fees from poets and writers across Alaska, the U.S., Canada, and Europe.University of Alaska Southeast Academic Programs. University of Alaska Anchorage College of Arts and Sciences.Eagle Beach / Riccio, David -- Judges’ Log, 1999 / Dauenhauer, Richard -- Fortune Cookie / Haber, Leo -- Cranberry Harvest / Guran, Holly -- Hate Crime / Ballard, Barry -- Becoming Memory / Houk, Heather -- The Woman On Death Row Watches TV / Terris, Susan -- What Whales and Infants Know / Cornwall, Kim -- Alaska Now / Bowman, Lynne Martin -- Ghost Stories / Belnap, Paula -- Morning Glory / Shipley, Vivian -- Trinity School: The Final Countdown / Berg, Nancy -- Viagra Dreams / Pavis, Athar C. -- Kee-Kee I kill your ass / Comack, Stfn -- Totem Park / Hayna, Lois Beebe -- At Bread Loaf Alaska the Poet John Haines Becomes Poem / Miller, Alexis Ross -- The Bread of Life / Larson, Dorothy M. -- Gandhi & I Are Saying Goodbye / Donovan, Jeanne P. -- Winter Walk, After an Argument / Dunaway, Samantha -- Little Wind Dances at the Edge of Reason / hawk, red -- Charms / Hendryson, Barbara A. -- After Swiss Air Flight 111 / Harvey, Gayle Elen -- Into Bed We Go / Sasseville, Jolie -- Inaugural Introduction / Breinig, Jeane -- Fire / Smith, Anna -- Naaxein / Brown, Cadiente Ronalda -- Spirit Flight / Mayo, Maureen -- Nicholas / Brown, Ronalda Cadiente -- Shadow Dancing / Larson, Dorothy M. -- Summer / Ritchie, Cinthia -- Plant Babies: The Selection / Blum, Jennifer Joerg -- Miss Fortune / Donahoe, D. B. -- A Search for Meaning in a Dirty Apartment / Lee, Amber -- Contributors’ Notes -- Magpie Nestlings / Fields, A. J

Explorations 2001

Explorations 2001 is rendered with generous support by the University of Alaska (President’s Office, UAA Arts & Sciences, UAF Chancellor’s Office, & UAS Academic Programs), by volunteer editorial boards, & by reader fees from writers across Alaska, the US, Canada, & Europe.University of Alaska President's Office. University of Alaska Anchorage Arts and Sciences. University of Alaska Fairbanks Chancellor's Office. University of Alaska Southeast Academic Programs.Stellar Jays Chatting / Field, C. J. -- Judges’ Log / Silva, Ron and Petersen, Art -- The Real Warnings Are Always Too Late / Iseman, Rhett -- One Day at Csa de Alma / Gish-Miller, Margaret -- Infinity / Krisak, Len -- Caribou / Mishler, Susanna -- Mt. Edgecumbe Boarding School / Prescott, Vivian Faith -- Ode to Mahoney / Penny, Hattie -- The Fragility of Place / Waldstein, Gail -- Sawin’ Logs / Hahn, Stephen -- Warm Skin / Parker, Mary Elizabeth -- On a Different Day / Skelton, Sheri -- Sea Song / Pleus, Sharon J. -- The Denali Star / Desy, Jeanne -- Half Breed / Campbell, Jack -- Windows / Shipley, Vivian -- Osage Sone / Lavender, Maureen -- Bargains in the Real World / McIrvin, Veaney -- Annie / Prescott, Vivian Faith -- A Fine-Pointed Brush / Linklater, Tom -- Sockeye / Mishler, Susanna -- The Anthropologist: Juneau, 1935 / Morrissette, Virginia -- Pansies’ Rave / Edelman, Carolyn -- Fishing from a Boat / Jones, Kevin -- Hollow Man / Riccio, David -- Self-Portrait / Reifenstein, Heidi -- Alaska Native Writers, Notes / Breinig, Jeane -- Angie’s Birthday Present / Westman, Freda -- At the Graves / Nils, Sara -- Told while guarding the fish racks / Kenny, Florence -- Surfaces: Words and Beads / Kane, Joan -- Finding the Horizon / McKay, Buffy -- The Path to the Beach / Kaneshiro, Vera Oovi -- Qaasqamun tumet / Kaneshiro, Vera Oovi -- Refuge Rock: Egg Island, 1764 / Chadwick, Jerah -- Recycled Memories / Jones, Judith Bader -- The Viking long boat and the Tlingit war canoe / Woodford, Riley -- Closing / Warren, Deborah -- A Widowed Key / Schneid-Ofseyer, Miriam -- The chowder we eat / Lecomte, Serge -- Still Music / Ballard, Barry -- Blood Relative / Wilson, Anne -- Echoes / Quam, Allison -- How Can I Hold A Wild Bird in My Hands? / Cuadra, Elizabeth -- Desire / McCarron, Paula -- Surface Tension / Tarr, Michael -- On This Anniversary of Mother’s Death / Novak, Leila -- Searching for Poems / Chapman, Anna -- Stroke / Bates, Ben -- Crossroads / Bartek, Maggy Coopersmith -- Into Bed We Go / Sasseville, Jolie -- Indian Summer / Sasseville, Jolie -- The Speed of Light / Sasseville, Jolie -- Regions of the Heart / Sasseville, Jolie -- To My Friend Waiting Tables at the Quicksilver Club / Sasseville, Jolie -- Brevity / Sasseville, Jolie -- Contributor and Participant Notes -- Warblers in the Willows / Field, C. J

Explorations 2000

Explorations 2000, in its 19th year, is sponsored by generous support from the University of Alaska in Southeast (UAS Academic Programs) and in Anchorage (UAA College of Arts & Sciences), volunteer editorial boards, and reader fees from poets and writers across Alaska, the U.S., Canada, and Europe.University of Alaska Southeast Academic Programs. University of Alaska Anchorage College of Arts and Sciences.Slipping Into Darkness / Field, C. J. -- Judges’ Log / Petersen, Art -- Suite in C Minor / Scarfe, Eunice -- Mom and her girlfriends, Miami Beach / Cole, Marjorie Kowalski -- Utopia / Healy, Lorraine -- The Sleeping People / Barbieri, Heather Doran -- On an Adopted Child Leaving for College / Scott, Joanna C. -- They Never Told Me / Kuhn, Elisabeth -- The Chipped Goblet / Cunigan, Elyse -- The Poet’s Grief / Robinson, Lee -- Original Guilt / Kuhn, Elisabeth -- Toward the End of the Season / Hull, Sue -- Stringing the Last Circuit under the House / Wilson, John -- Refashioning My Life to Please / Kavana, Karen -- Circe / Thomas, Susan -- Song of the Renegade Horses / Padilla, Mario -- Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, 1953 / Kennedy, Susan -- Solstice / Moles, Adam -- Fish / Morrell, Michelle -- Munchkin / Morrell, Michelle -- Tricycles / Foulke, Donna -- small talk / Silook, Susie -- Good News Bay Awakening / Larson, Collin A. -- The Time is Right to Write / Larson, Dorothy M. -- Don’t stop / Hope III, Andrew -- Reaching for that spirit / Hope III, Andrew -- Raven Forest / Foulke, Donna -- The Fire Spirit Spoke to Me / Anderson, Dennis -- Memorial Day Lunch in the Cemetery / Smith, Michael S. -- Lying In Damp Grass, Staring Up Into The Rain / Orion, Shawnte -- Belated Letter to Richard Hugo / Miller, Alexis Ross -- Pulp / Sakaguchi, Joy -- ER Euphemism / Waldstein, Gail -- You got on the bus / Lecomte, Serge -- The Touch / Trott, Steve -- Did You Get Your Homework Done? / Linklater, Tom -- Grizzly Moon / Klare, Susi -- Beluga Fall / McDonell, Jerry D. -- Contributors’ Notes -- Raven Romance / Field, C. J

Who is accessing public-sector anti-retroviral treatment in the Free State, South Africa? An exploratory study of the first three years of programme implementation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although South Africa has the largest public-sector anti-retroviral treatment (ART) programme in the world, anti-retroviral coverage in adults was only 40.2% in 2008. However, longitudinal studies of who is accessing the South African public-sector ART programme are scarce. This study therefore had one main research question: who is accessing public-sector ART in the Free State Province, South Africa? The study aimed to extend the current literature by investigating, in a quantitative manner and using a longitudinal study design, the participants enrolled in the public-sector ART programme in the period 2004-2006 in the Free State Province of South Africa.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Differences in the demographic (age, sex, population group and marital status) socio-economic (education, income, neo-material indicators), geographic (travel costs, relocation for ART), and medical characteristics (CD4, viral load, time since first diagnosis, treatment status) among 912 patients enrolled in the Free State public-sector ART programme between 2004 and 2006 were assessed with one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni post-hoc analysis, and cross tabulations with the chi square test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The patients accessing treatment tended to be female (71.1%) and unemployed (83.4%). However, although relatively poor, those most likely to access ART services were not the most impoverished patients. The proportion of female patients increased (<it>P </it>< 0.05) and their socio-economic situation improved between 2004 and 2006 (<it>P </it>< 0.05). The increasing mean transport cost (<it>P </it>< 0.05) to visit the facility is worrying, because this cost is an important barrier to ART uptake and adherence. Encouragingly, the study results revealed that the interval between the first HIV-positive diagnosis and ART initiation decreased steadily over time (<it>P </it>< 0.05). This was also reflected in the increasing baseline CD4 cell count at ART initiation (<it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our analysis showed significant changes in the demographic, socio-economic, geographic, and medical characteristics of the patients during the first three years of the programme. Knowledge of the characteristics of these patients can assist policy makers in developing measures to retain them in care. The information reported here can also be usefully applied to target patient groups that are currently not reached in the implementation of the ART programme.</p