Metal-free carbon nitride polymeric films for the synthesis of valuable organics using a novel mesostructured photoreactor

Immobilised photocatalytic systems can strongly contribute to attaining more sustainable chemical processes, reducing downstream units for photocatalyst recovery and purification of the target molecules. On the other hand, it is known that this kind of photocatalytic system usually presents higher mass transfer resistance when compared with slurries and, consequently, slower kinetics. Besides, this can be even more limited for chemical synthesis using eco-friendly conditions, where combining the photocatalytic material with the best reactor design plays a fundamental role in the process efficiency. In this work, a micro-meso structured photoreactor was used to overcome these limitations, providing a large surface area per reaction volume and a higher illumination homogeneity through the entire reactor using a compact LED system. Several photocatalytic films were developed, combining different amounts of a metal-free photocatalyst (graphitic carbon nitride) with a biodegradable polymer matrix (sodium alginate). The catalytic performance was evaluated in the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes (anisaldehyde, tolualdehyde, benzaldehyde, vanillin, and piperonal from the photocatalytic oxidation of the corresponding, anisyl-, toluyl-, benzyl-, vanillyl- and piperonyl alcohols. All experimental runs were carried out under mild operation conditions, using water as solvent, room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and natural pH. The maximum performance in terms of yield was attained in the following order: anisaldehyde > tolualdehyde > piperonal > benzaldehyde > vanillin. A novel approach for photocatalytic organic synthesis with a low carbon footprint and reduced energy requirements is proposed. Moreover, the results provided in this work open a new window for the development of sustainable photocatalytic organic processes in continuous mode operation

Captive-born collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae) fails to discriminate between predator and non-predator models

Captive animals may lose the ability to recognize their natural predators, making conservation programs more susceptible to failure if such animals are released into the wild. Collared peccaries are American tayassuids that are vulnerable to local extinction in certain areas, and conservation programs are being conducted. Captive-born peccaries are intended for release into the wild in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. In this study, we tested the ability of two groups of captive-born collared peccaries to recognize their predators and if they were habituated to humans. Recognition tests were performed using models of predators (canids and felids) and non-predators animals, as well as control objects, such as a plastic chair; a human was also presented to the peccaries, and tested as a separate stimulus. Anti-predator defensive responses such as fleeing and threatening displayswere not observed in response to predator models. Predator detection behaviors both from visual and olfactory cues were displayed, although they were not specifically targeted at predator models. These results indicate that collared peccaries were unable to recognize model predators. Habituation effects, particularly on anti-predator behaviors, were observed both with a 1-h model presentation and across testing days. Behavioral responses to humans did not differ from those to other models. Thus, if these animals were to be released into the wild, they should undergo anti-predator training sessions to enhance their chances of survival

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Effect of the adhesive application mode and fiber post translucency on the push-out bond strength to dentin

This study evaluated the effect of the adhesive application mode and fiber post translucency on the push-out bond strength to dentin. Bovine roots were endodontically treated, and 10 roots were used for each adhesive application mode: PB (Prime&Bond 2.1), PB + SC (Self-cure activator), PB + SBM (Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive system), BB (Brush&Bond), BB + CAT (chemical catalyst), and BB + SBM. The translucent Light-Post and Aestheti-Post were cemented. The roots/cemented posts were transversally sectioned to originate three thirds (cervical, middle, and apical). The push-out test was performed, and the failure mode of fractured specimens was analyzed. There was no difference between the fiber posts. For PB and BB, the use of hydrophobic adhesive resin SBM increased post bond strength. The use of SC and CAT catalyst did not affect the push-out bond strength values. The apical third presented the lowest bond strengths.3391078108

Serviço de Emergência Psiquiátrica em hospital geral: estudo retrospectivo Servicio de emergencia psiquiátrica en hospital general: estudio retrospectivo Emergency psychiatric service in general hospitals: a retrospective study

O Serviço de Emergência Psiquiátrica em Hospital Geral (SEPHG) é uma proposta articulada com o movimento da reforma psiquiátrica. Objetivou-se caracterizar os clientes com sofrimento psíquico assistidos no SEPHG Dr. Estevam, em Sobral-CE. Este é um estudo do tipo documental, com abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo 191 clientes atendidos no SEPHG no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um livro de registro, cujas informações nele contidas foram retiradas dos prontuários dos clientes. Observou-se predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino (70,15%), com idade entre 30-49 anos (48,71%) e solteiros (74,86%). A maioria era proveniente da cidade de Sobral (69,64 %). Em 42,40% dos casos, o diagnóstico foi transtorno do uso de álcool. Grande parte da clientela (66,50%) deu entrada no serviço por demanda espontânea. Após avaliação do SEPHG, 43,45% desses clientes foram encaminhados ao CAPS-ad. Pelos resultados, depreende-se o quão imprescindíveis são os serviços de saúde mental.<br>El Servicio de Emergencia Psiquiátrica en Hospital General (SEPHG) es una propuesta vinculada al movimiento de la reforma psiquiátrica. Se objetivó caracterizar a los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos atendidos en el SEPHG Dr. Estevam, en Sobral-Ceará-Brasil. Estudio de tipo documental con abordaje cualitativa, involucrando 191 pacientes atendidos en el SEPHG entre enero y diciembre de 2007. Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de un libro de registro, cuyas informaciones fueron extraídas de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Se observó prevalencia de pacientes de sexo masculino (70,15%), con edad entre 30-49 años (48,71%) y solteros (74,86%). La mayoría provenía de la ciudad de Sobral (69,64%). En el 42,40% de los casos, el diagnóstico fue trastorno provocado por abuso de alcohol. Una gran cantidad de pacientes (66,50%) se presentó en el servicio en forma espontánea. Con posterioridad a la evaluación del SEPHG, 43,45% de tales pacientes fueron derivados al CAPS-ad. Se desprende de los resultados cuán imprescindibles son los servicios de salud mental.<br>The Emergency Psychiatric Service in General Hospitals (SEPHG, acronym in Portuguese) is a service included in the psychiatric reform movement. The purpose of the present study was to characterize patients with psychological distress treated at the Dr. Estevam SEPHG, located in Sobral, Ceará state. This exploratory study was performed using documental analyses with a quantitative approach, and involved 191 clients treated at the referred SEPHG from January to December 2007. Data collection was performed using a client register book, which contained information obtained from the patients' medical record. There was a predominance of male patients (70.15%), aged 30-49 years (48.71%) and single (74.86%). Most patients were from the city of Sobral (69.64%). In 42.40% of cases, the diagnosis was of alcohol use/abuse. Most clients (66.50%) sought the service voluntarily. After being evaluated at the SEPHG, 43.45% of patients were referred to the local Center for Psychosocial Care -Alcohol and other Drugs. The results emphasize the importance of mental health