The Banach ideal of A-compact operators and related approximation properties

We use the notion of A-compact sets (determined by an operator ideal A), introduced by Carl and Stephani (1984), to show that many known results of certain approximation properties and several ideals of compact operators can be systematically studied under this framework. For Banach operator ideals A, we introduce a way to measure the size of A-compact sets and use it to give a norm on KA, the ideal of A-compact operators. Then, we study two types of approximation properties determined by A-compact sets. We focus our attention on an approximation property which makes use of the norm defined on KA. This notion fits the definition of the A-approximation property, recently introduced by Oja (2012), with KA instead of A. We exemplify the power of the Carl–Stephani theory and the geometric structure introduced here by appealing to some recent developments on p-compactness.Fil: Lassalle, Silvia Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; ArgentinaFil: Turco, Pablo Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; Argentin

siRomics for universal diagnostics of plant viral disease and virus diversity studies

Traditional methods of viral diagnostics using specific antibodies and PCR often fail to identify a viral pathogen. In our EU Marie-Curie IDP bridges project, we used an alternative novel approach called siRomics which allows not only to detect the virus but also to de novo reconstruct a complete consensus master genome in the viral quasispecies population. The main plant antiviral defense system is based on RNA silencing mediated by small RNAs. In plants infected with DNA and RNA viruses, host Dicer enzymes generate 21-24 nucleotide (nt) viral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that restrict virus replication and systemic spread. Growing evidence indicates that viral siRNAs are derived from the entire genome sequence of RNA and DNA viruses and accumulate at high levels. Hence it appears feasible to reconstruct a complete viral genome simply from viral siRNA species. Current bioinformatics algorithms enable de novo assembly of genomes and transcriptomes from short sequencing reads. In the past years, the siRomics pipeline, developed by Seguin et al. (2014b) in model plants, was further applied in crop plants (Seguin et al. 2014b, 2016, Rajeswaran et al. 2014a, 2014b, Fuentes et al. 2016). Thus, our siRomics approach has the potential for universal diagnostics of plant virus disease and de novo reconstruction of viral genomes in mixed infections. In this study we applied siRomics for virus detection and virome reconstruction in several case studies of economically-important viral diseases in Switzerland. In naturally-infected Solanum tuberosum (potato), one case study revealed a virome comprising Potato virus Y (genus Potyvirus) and Potato virus X (genus Potexvirus), which was reconstructed by de novo assembling separate genome-size sRNA contigs. Another case study revealed a virome comprising NTN and O strains of Potato virus Y, whose sRNAs assembled in chimeric contigs which could be disentangled on the basis of reference genome sequences. Both viromes were stable in vegetative potato progeny. In a cross-protection trial of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), the supposedly protective mild strain CH2 of Pepino mosaic virus (Potexvirus) was tested for protection against the strain LP of the same virus. Reciprocal mechanical inoculations eventually resulted in co-infection of all individual plants with CH2 and LP strains, reconstructed as separate sRNA contigs. LP invasions into CH2-preinfected plants and vice versa were accompanied by alterations of consensus genome sequences in viral quasispecies, indicating a potential risk of cross-protection measures. Additionally, the study also revealed, by reconstruction from sRNAs, the presence of the mechanically non- transmissible Southern tomato virus (Amalgavirus) in some plants. Our in-depth analysis of sRNA sizes, 5'-nucleotide frequencies and hotspot maps revealed similarities in sRNA- generating mechanisms in potato and tomato, differential silencing responses to virome components and potential for sRNA-directed cross-targeting between viral strains which could not, however, prevent the formation of stable viromes. Furthermore, by siRomics we characterized the virome present in cultivated and non-cultivated perennial plants including grapevine, cherry, fig, privet and larch. As expected, grapevine samples showed a complex virome, including viroids, in particular Grapevine Fanleaf virus, Grapevine virus A, Grapevine leafroll associated virus, Yellow speckle viroid 1, Yellow speckle viroid 2, Hopstunt viroid and Australian grapevine viroid. In cherry trees affected by little cherry disease, we confirmed that the presence of two Little cherry virus (1 and 2, respectively) in one of the samples, induces more severe symptoms compared with the sample where only Little cherry virus 1 was present. In a fig tree exhibiting virus-like symptoms coming from a private garden, new isolates of Fig mosaic virus and Fig Badnavirus-1 were identified and reconstructed. In the forest bush plant privet (Ligustrum vulgare) showing yellow mosaic disease, a novel virus distantly related to Barley yellow strip virus and Lychnis ringspot virus was identified, fully reconstructed and named Ligustrum mosaic virus. Our work combined multi-disciplinary approaches ranging from advanced molecular methods of next generation sequencing to sophisticated bioinformatics algorithms for virus genome reconstruction. The results of our study are informative for further understanding the mechanisms of RNA silencing-based antiviral defense, which would contribute to basic research in the field of plant-pathogen interaction, and for developing novel strategies of virus control, which could potentially be implemented in the future in Swiss agriculture though our recommendations to the policy makers. In modern agriculture, horticulture and (bio-) farming, it becomes critical to assess the risk of emerging plant infections and to control the spread of plant viral diseases

SAZONALIDADE DA OFERTA DE PRODUTOS HORTÍCOLAS: O MERCADO DE BERINJELA

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o mercado de berinjela no período de 2001 a 2006 para estudar a evolução dos índices sazonais de volume e preço comercializados nos principais entrepostos de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Para isso foram utilizadas séries históricas mensais de preços e volumes comercializados para se determinar seu padrão sazonal anual, a partir do método da média geométrica móvel centralizada. No caso da berinjela, verificou-se elevação da oferta do produto a partir de agosto e setembro, com conseqüente redução nos preços praticados nos entrepostos. Com a aplicação de novas tecnologias, pode ocorrer oferta de produtos de melhor qualidade, influenciando decisivamente a sazonalidade de preços no mercado consumidor.---------------------------------------------The objective of this paper was to analyze the aubergine market during the period from 2001 to 2006 to study the evolution of the seasonal indexes of volume and price commercialized in the main marts of São Paulo e Minas Gerais. It was used historical month series of prices and volumes to establish their annual seasonal pattern, from the method of the centralized average geometric mobile. It was verified in the case of aubergine increase of supply from months of August and September, reducing the prices in these marts from these months. With the application of new technologies, better quality products can be offered, influencing decisively the seasonality of prices in the consumer market.hortaliça, sazonalidade, entreposto, produto fitoterápico, vegetable, seasonality, mart, fitoterapeutic product, Crop Production/Industries,

Polynomials and holomorphic functions on A-compact sets in Banach spaces

In this paper we study the behavior of holomorphic mappings on A-compact sets. Motivated by the recent work of Aron, Çalişkan, García and Maestre (2016), we give several conditions (on the holomorphic mappings and on the λ-Banach operator ideal A) under which A-compact sets are preserved. Appealing to the notion of tensor stability for operator ideals, we first address the question in the polynomial setting. Then, we define a radius of (A;B)-compactification that permits us to tackle the analytic case. Our approach, for instance, allows us to show that the image of any (p,r)-compact set under any holomorphic function (defined on any open set of a Banach space) is again (p,r)-compact.Fil: Lassalle, Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; ArgentinaFil: Turco, Pablo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; Argentin

Mice lacking mitochondrial ferritin are more sensitive to doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity

15noMitochondrial ferritin is a functional ferritin that localizes in themitochondria.Itisexpressedinthetestis, heart,brain,and cells with active respiratory activity. Its overexpression in culturedcellsprotectedagainstoxidativedamageandreduced cytosolic iron availability. However, no overt phenotype was describedinmicewithinactivationoftheFtMtgene.Here,we usedthe doxorubicin model ofcardiac injuryina novel strain of FtMt-null mice to investigate the antioxidant role of FtMt. These mice did not show any evident phenotype, but after acute treatment to doxorubicin, they showed enhanced mortalityandaltered heartmorphologywithfibrildisorganization and severe mitochondrial damage. Signs of mitochondrial damage were present also in mock-treated FtMt−/− mice. The hearts of saline- and doxorubicin-treated FtMt−/− mice had higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, heme oxygenase 1 expression, and protein oxidation, but did not differ from FtMt+/+ in the cardiac damage marker B-type natriureticpeptide(BNP),ATP levels, and apoptosis.However,the autophagy marker LC3 was activated. The results show that the absence of FtMt, which is highly expressed in the heart, increases the sensitivity of heart mitochondria to the toxicity of doxorubicin. This study represents the first in vivo evidence of the antioxidant role of FtMt.openopenMaccarinelli, Federica; Gammella, Elena; Asperti, Michela; Mariaregon, ; Donetti, Elena; Recalcati, Stefania; Poli, Maura; Finazzi, Dario; Arosio, Paolo; Biasiotto, Giorgio; Emiliaturco, ; Altruda, Fiorella; Lonardi, Silvia; Cornaghi, Laura; Cairo, GaetanoMaccarinelli, Federica; Gammella, Elena; Asperti, Michela; Mariaregon, ; Donetti, Elena; Recalcati, Stefania; Poli, Maura; Finazzi, Dario; Arosio, Paolo; Biasiotto, Giorgio; Emiliaturco, ; Altruda, Fiorella; Lonardi, Silvia; Cornaghi, Laura; Cairo, Gaetan

The ideal of p-compact operators: a tensor product approach

We study the space of p-compact operators, Kp, using the theory of tensor norms and operator ideals. We prove that Kp is associated to /dp, the left injective associate of the Chevet-Saphar tensor norm dp (which is equal to g' p' ). This allows us to relate the theory of p-summing operators to that of p-compact operators. Using the results known for the former class and appropriate hypotheses on E and F we prove that K p(E; F) is equal to Kq(E; F) for a wide range of values of p and q, and show that our results are sharp. We also exhibit several structural properties of Kp. For instance, we show that Kp is regular, surjective, and totally accessible, and we characterize its maximal hull Kmax p as the dual ideal of p-summing operators, Πdual p . Furthermore, we prove that Kp coincides isometrically with QNdual p , the dual to the ideal of the quasi p-nuclear operators.Fil: Galicer, Daniel Eric. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; ArgentinaFil: Lassalle, Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; ArgentinaFil: Turco, Pablo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; Argentin