Assessment of bacterial quality and associated handling practices of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es salaam city, Tanzania

Fresh fruit juices are essential components of and there is considerable evidence of health and nutritional benefits associated with their consumption. However, during processing contamination from raw materials, equipment or food handlers could be easily transferred to the final product of the juices resulting to food-borne illness. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess bacterial quality and associated handling practices of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. A total of 90 juice vendors were interviewed followed by collection of 90 juice samples for laboratory analysis. Physicochemical and bacterial qualities of the juices were analysed. The results showed that the pH of the juices ranged between 2.7 to 6.4 while the acidity ranged from 0.01% to 1.3%. The total soluble solids ranged between -1.5 to 18.04⁰Brix. Most juices had ⁰Brix levels below Codex recommended minimum values and 67.8% were classified as weak and watery. The total plate counts (TPC) of the juices ranged between 2.32 to 8.54 (Log cfu/ml). About 72.2% juice samples had TPC above Codex recommended maximum levels (5x10³ - 10⁴cfu/ml). The prevalence of Escherichia coli in the juices was 80% with a range between -1.13 to 4.97 (Log MPN/ml). All samples were negative for Salmonella species. Risk factors for higher TPC and E. coli counts which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) included pH, type of juice, extraction methods, vending sites, storage containers and sex of the vendor. Generally, 78.9%; of preparation and vending premises were unhygienic and encouraged contamination of the juices. It is concluded that, the overall handling, preparation practices and bacterial quality of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es Salaam city are poor. The government should educate the vendors on food safety and hygiene as well as enforcing regular monitoring of the quality of street fruit juices.Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA) and President‗s Office, Public Service Managemen

Assessment of bacterial quality and associated handling practices of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es salaam city, Tanzania

Fresh fruit juices are essential components of and there is considerable evidence of health and nutritional benefits associated with their consumption. However, during processing contamination from raw materials, equipment or food handlers could be easily transferred to the final product of the juices resulting to food-borne illness. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess bacterial quality and associated handling practices of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. A total of 90 juice vendors were interviewed followed by collection of 90 juice samples for laboratory analysis. Physicochemical and bacterial qualities of the juices were analysed. The results showed that the pH of the juices ranged between 2.7 to 6.4 while the acidity ranged from 0.01% to 1.3%. The total soluble solids ranged between -1.5 to 18.04⁰Brix. Most juices had ⁰Brix levels below Codex recommended minimum values and 67.8% were classified as weak and watery. The total plate counts (TPC) of the juices ranged between 2.32 to 8.54 (Log cfu/ml). About 72.2% juice samples had TPC above Codex recommended maximum levels (5x10³ - 10⁴cfu/ml). The prevalence of Escherichia coli in the juices was 80% with a range between -1.13 to 4.97 (Log MPN/ml). All samples were negative for Salmonella species. Risk factors for higher TPC and E. coli counts which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) included pH, type of juice, extraction methods, vending sites, storage containers and sex of the vendor. Generally, 78.9%; of preparation and vending premises were unhygienic and encouraged contamination of the juices. It is concluded that, the overall handling, preparation practices and bacterial quality of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es Salaam city are poor. The government should educate the vendors on food safety and hygiene as well as enforcing regular monitoring of the quality of street fruit juices.Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA) and President‗s Office, Public Service Managemen

Assessment of bacterial quality and associated handling practices of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es salaam city, Tanzania

Fresh fruit juices are essential components of and there is considerable evidence of health and nutritional benefits associated with their consumption. However, during processing contamination from raw materials, equipment or food handlers could be easily transferred to the final product of the juices resulting to food-borne illness. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess bacterial quality and associated handling practices of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. A total of 90 juice vendors were interviewed followed by collection of 90 juice samples for laboratory analysis. Physicochemical and bacterial qualities of the juices were analysed. The results showed that the pH of the juices ranged between 2.7 to 6.4 while the acidity ranged from 0.01% to 1.3%. The total soluble solids ranged between -1.5 to 18.04⁰Brix. Most juices had ⁰Brix levels below Codex recommended minimum values and 67.8% were classified as weak and watery. The total plate counts (TPC) of the juices ranged between 2.32 to 8.54 (Log cfu/ml). About 72.2% juice samples had TPC above Codex recommended maximum levels (5x10³ - 10⁴cfu/ml). The prevalence of Escherichia coli in the juices was 80% with a range between -1.13 to 4.97 (Log MPN/ml). All samples were negative for Salmonella species. Risk factors for higher TPC and E. coli counts which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) included pH, type of juice, extraction methods, vending sites, storage containers and sex of the vendor. Generally, 78.9%; of preparation and vending premises were unhygienic and encouraged contamination of the juices. It is concluded that, the overall handling, preparation practices and bacterial quality of unpasteurised fruit juices vended in Dar es Salaam city are poor. The government should educate the vendors on food safety and hygiene as well as enforcing regular monitoring of the quality of street fruit juices.Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA) and President‗s Office, Public Service Managemen

Efektivitas layanan bimbingan kelompok berbantuan teknik sosiodrama untuk mengurangi perilaku membolos siswa di SMPN 13 Madiun

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas layanan bimbingan dan kelompok berbantuan Teknik sosiodrama untuk mengurangi perilaku membolos siswa di SMPN 13 Madiun. Perilaku membolos merupakan sebuah kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dengan meninggalkan jam pelajaran tanpa adanya informasi yang jelas kepada pihak terkait (Sekolah). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif eksperiment. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX B, IX C dan VIII F SMPN 13 Madiun berjumlah 90 orang. Sedangkan sampel penelitian ini juga merupakan siswa kelas IX B, IX C dan VIII F yang berjumlah 11 orang dengan poin membolos cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling dimana peneliti mengambil syarat adalah siswa yang memiliki poin membolos cukup tinggi. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan angket berbentuk skala yang terdiri dari butir-butir pernyataan. Setelah disebarkan, semua butir angket penelitian ini terbukti valid dan reliabel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji Normalitas dan uji Paired Sample T-test sehingga didapatkan hasil nilai signifikansi dalam uji Normalitas adalah 0,099 > 0,05 sehingga dinyatakan berdistribusi normal dan didapatkan nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) dalam uji paired sample T-test 0,0073 < 0,05 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa nilai signifikansi hitung diterima. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok berbantuan teknik sosiodrama dapat efektif mengurangi perilaku membolos siswa

IMANUEL SIMFORIAN ATAKASIMA SEMBIRING's Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity

Analisis Kasus Pembunuhan Tukang Parkir di Madiun

Abstrak Dalam kasus ini, saya akan membahas tentang kasus pembunuhan. Kasus pembunuhan ini terjadi di Madiun. Terdapat seorang juru parkir yang sedang bertugas tiba-tiba ada tiga orang datang menghampiri juru parker tersebut dan langsung menusuk juru parkir tersebut dibagian perut hingga tembus ke ulu hati dan berakhir juru parkir tewasDalam kasus ini menjelaskan bahwa kegiatan yang dilakukan ketiga orang tersebut jelas melanggar Pancasila terutama sila pertama dan kedua.Sila pertama sila “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” sila ini tentu mengajarkan mengenai kebaikan Tuhan menciptakan manusia untuk saling mengasihi dan menyayangi namun di kasus ini jelas menjelaskan bahwa ketiga orang tersebut melanggar sila tersebut,Manusia tidak berhak untuk membunuh sesama cuman Tuhan yang berhak untuk menentukan hidup dan mati manusia.Sila kedua adalah sila “Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab” menjelaskan bahwa kita sebagai manusa harus bersikap adil terhadap sesama namun tingkah ketiga pelaku tersebut jelas melecehkan sila kedua karena mereka tidak memperlakukan manusia sesuai layaknya manusia. Akibat perbuatannya, pelaku dijerat pasal 340 KHUP dengan ancaman penjara seumur hidup atau selama-lamanya 20 tahun kurungan penjara.</p

IMANUEL SIMFORIAN ATAKASIMA SEMBIRING's Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity