Experiments in aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of methylene chloride using activated sludge

Biological removal of methylene chloride was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using activated sludge cultures. Shaker flask experiments were conducted to test the ability of the microorganisms to degrade methylene chloride under aerobic conditions. Hydrogen peroxide was used a as source of dissolved oxygen to minimize physical removal of methylene chloride due to aeration. The effect of secondary substrates like glucose, cellulose acetate, ammonium acetate and nutrient broth on biodegradation of methylene chloride was studied. Biodegradation in the presence of surfactant and alkaline stress was also investigated. No significant degradation was observed in all aerobic experiments. Anaerobic sludge was obtained from a secondary wastewater treatment plant, and after digestion at 35 °C it was used for anaerobic experiments. Preliminary experiments were conducted in serum bottles to test the ability of the mixed cultures to biodegrade methylene chloride under anaerobic conditions. The effect on biodegradation due to the presence of glucose and sodium acetate was also studied. Very low methylene chloride removal rates were obtained in the serum bottles ( 0.0021 mg methylene chloride /day.mg biomass). An effort was made to increase the degradation rates by immobilization. Two immobilized cell bioreactors namely, the Membrane Bioreactor and the Celite Carrier Packed Bed Reactor were developed and studied. Glucose was used to test the viability of the immobilized microorganisms in these reactors. The entrapped microorganisms in the membrane reactor did not display activity; however, the attached microorganisms on the Celite carrier remained viable. Two hundred and fifty ppm methylene chloride was treated completely in the Packed Bed reactor in 8 days. A tenfold increase in the removal rate was observed (0.021 mg methylene chloride/day.mg biomass) in the Celite Carrier Packed Bed Reactor compared to that obtained in the serum bottles (0.0021 mg methylene chloride /day.mg biomass)

An Unusual Gross Appearance of Vulval Tuberculosis Masquerading as Tumor

Tuberculosis of the vulva is very rare. It is found in about 0.2% of the cases of genital tract tuberculosis. It usually presents as small shallow ulcers and multiple sinus tracts or rarely as elephantiasis of vulva. Except for very rare cases of primary tuberculosis in the vulva, it is usually associated with tuberculosis elsewhere in the body leading to secondary tuberculosis. Here, we report a case of secondary vulval tuberculosis which presented as a vulval mass in a 40-year-old female patient. The rarity of this presentation in the female genital tract is emphasized

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of perianal fistulas

Background: Perianal fistula is a common disorder that often recurs because of infection that was missed at surgery. Preoperative MR imaging can help to prevent recurrence. The purpose of the study was, in this article we study the various types of perianal fistulas with MR imaging and study the usefulness of MR imaging in delineating the primary tract and complications of perianal fistula.Methods: We studied MRI images of 35 patients with different types of perianal fistulas. MR imaging were performed on 1.5-T magnet MR system (Siemens magneto Essenza). Imaging was performed with multiplanar T1-weighted, T2-weighted and PDFS sequences.Results: Total 35 patients were studied, out of which 18 (51%) patients showed grade 1 (simple linear intersphincteric fistula), 5 (14%) showed grade 2 (intersphinc¬teric with abscess or secondary tract), 6 (21%) showed grade 3 (transsphincteric), 5 showed grade 5 (14%) (transsphincteric with abscess or secondary tract in ischiorectal or ischioanal fossa) and none (0%)showed  grade 5 (supralevator and translevator).Conclusions: MR imaging provides precise location of the fistulous track, and its relationship to pelvic floor and the sphincter complex   and helps in the identifi¬cation of secondary tracks and abscesses.   

Myricetin and its derivatives; potential therapeutic effect on human health: a review

Myricetin is the plant-based secondary metabolite belonging to flavonoids, a class of natural products. It is a simple structure, ubiquitously present in various fruits, vegetables and beverages. It is the oldest flavanols discovered with a polyphenolic structure as a yellow dye from the bark of Myrica nagi Thunb. also known as Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (Myricaceae). Myricetin and its derivatives play multiple biological functions and crucial roles in the prevention, treatment and management of human diseases. This review explored the sources of myricetin, its chemical structure, extraction, isolations, characterizations, biological activities and therapeutic effect of myricetin and its derivatives on human health.

Wireless Charging: Its types, Standards and Applications

An electrical gadget can be powered without cords by providing electrical via an air pocket to the device in order to re-charge its capacity. The performance and practicality of cordless charging tech have noticeably enhanced lately. The introduction to cordless charging in this paper covers its basics. The evaluation of standards, which includes Qi and the A4WP, is then given, as well as a focus on their communications channels. Next, we put out a cutting-edge idea for cordless charger networking, which enables chargers to be linked for easier data gathering and management. We explain how the wireless charger network can be used to assign users to chargers, which demonstrates the usefulness in terms of a reduction costs for users to find the best chargers to recharge their mobile devices

Preliminary evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties at Konkan region of Maharashtra

The performance of 21 varieties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) for rhizome characters, yield and curcumin content was studied at Konkan region (Maharashtra). Salem was found to be the best variety, which recorded significantly higher weight of primary fingers (208.92 g), secondary fingers (243.75 g), yield plot' (11.99 kg) and yield hectare" (44,395 kg). The curcumin content was significantly higher in CA-71 (4.87%). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance on mean basis were appreciably high for yield and curcumin content. The magnitude for environmental coefficient of variation was very low

Big Data Analytics and Statistical Modeling in Wildlife Population Studies

Wildlife population studies are increasingly reliant on "big data," encompassing vast and complex datasets generated by tracking technologies, remote sensing, and citizen science initiatives. This data presents both opportunities and challenges for researchers seeking to understand population dynamics, habitat use, and conservation challenges. This paper explores the synergistic roles of big data analytics and statistical modeling in extracting meaningful insights from this data. We discuss various statistical modeling approaches, including occupancy models, capture-recapture models, and spatial capture-recapture models, highlighting their applications in estimating population size, distribution, and demographic parameters. We also examine the role of big data analytics in handling, processing, and visualizing large datasets, emphasizing the importance of data management, quality control, and integration of multiple data sources. This paper underscores the transformative potential of big data analytics and statistical modeling in advancing wildlife research and conservation

Preliminary evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties at Konkan region of Maharashtra

The performance of 21 varieties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) for rhizome characters, yield and curcumin content was studied at Konkan region (Maharashtra). Salem was found to be the best variety, which recorded significantly higher weight of primary fingers (208.92 g), secondary fingers (243.75 g), yield plot' (11.99 kg) and yield hectare" (44,395 kg). The curcumin content was significantly higher in CA-71 (4.87%). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance on mean basis were appreciably high for yield and curcumin content. The magnitude for environmental coefficient of variation was very low