QoS aware resource allocation for coexistence mechanisms between eMBB and URLLC: Issues, challenges, and future directions in 5G

5G NR enables three types of use case scenarios viz. enhance mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine type communication (mMTC). The eMBB is suitable for applications that demand higher throughput. Whereas URLLC is suitable for mission-critical applications with stringent requirement of low latency and reliability. The mMTC on the other hand is suitable for machine-to- machine (M2M) communications and massive IoT infrastructures. To meet all these requirements, 5G NR combines eMBB with URLLC services under a unified 5G air interface framework. Most of the coexistence mechanisms between eMBB and URLLC were presented by the researchers with a goal to enhance eMBB throughput with stringent latency and reliability requirements of URLLC services. Formulation of optimal resource scheduling and allocation were found to be the key problems of eMBB and URLLC traffic. This paper investigated the 5G state-of-the-art focused on coexistence mechanisms between eMBB and URLLC traffic for resource scheduling. We followed the PRISMA statement and classified the works to five major classes viz. multiplexing-, QoS-, Machine learning-, Network slicing-, and C-RAN architecture-based approaches. Each work was carefully examined against their methodology and performance metrics. In addition, several key issues, challenges, and future directions were also highlighted to provide detailed insights for researchers working in the field of 5G.acceptedVersio

Nutrition in burn patient

Burn injury continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional support has become an essential element of burn care. Failure to meet the increased substrate requirements may result in impaired wound healing, multi organ dysfunction, increased susceptibility to infection, and death. Therefore, aggressive nutrition support is essential to ensure adequate burn care, attenuate the hypermetabolic response, optimize wound healing, minimize devastating catabolism, and reduce morbidity and mortality. Failure to adequately address the increased levels of inflammatory mediators, catecholamines, and corticosteroids central to the hypermetabolic response postburn injury can lead to catastrophic results. One of the most important perturbations is provision of adequate and early nutrition. The provision of the right balance of macro and micronutrients, along with additional antioxidants is essential to mitigate the hypermetabolic and hypercatabolic state that results following a burn injury

حول خوارزمية مترابوليس هاستنج

In this thesis, we introduce the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm which used to draw sequences of samples from a distribution that is either hard to sample from or its probability density function (pdf) is only known up to a normalizing constant by simulating a Metropolis-Hastings with a stationary distribution equal to the pdf of the underlying distribution using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Then use the programming language R to write a routine for simulating a Markov Chain using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Finally, apply this technique to a problem related to the estimation of the parameters of the bivariate normal distribution

Gastric mesenteroaxial volvulus with partial eventration of left hemidiaphragm: A rare case report

AbstractBackgroundEventration of diaphragm associated with gastric volvulus is an uncommon condition.Case presentationWe reporting a case of a 16-year-old male having left sided diaphragmatic eventration associated with acute mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus. The patient presented with acute pain abdomen and upper abdomen fullness. Plication of left hemidiaphragm with anterior gastropexy was performed through an abdominal approach. Postoperatively the patient’s recover uneventfully.ConclusionSymptomatic gastric volvulus associated with diaphragmatic eventration is a surgical emergency and always requires surgical repair

Auricle injury due to human bite – A rare case report and review literature

AbstractTraumatic auricular amputation due to human bite is not a common event. Bite wounds are always considered to be complex injuries contaminated with unique poly-microbial inoculum. Human bites are as serious as animal bites because they induce a higher incidence of infectious complications. In bite wounds to the face, infectious complications can create more difficulties than the initial tissue damage itself for the task of restoring an esthetic appearance. In this case report a young male patient had ear lobule injury on interpersonal violence and amputation of ear lobule results. Due to delay in presentation and high chances of infection wound healing by secondary intention achieved

Small bowel obstruction secondary to greater omental encircling band–Unusual case report

AbstractBackgroundThe most common cause of small-bowel obstructions in adults is postoperative adhesions. Intestinal obstruction due to omental band is very rare and only few cases are previously reported in literature.Case presentationWe report a 42 year old male patient present with complaints of abdominal distention and obstipation. X-ray and ultrasound shows dilated bowel loops. On exploratory, laparotomy omental band presents encircling completely around mid ileum. Distal small bowel had multiple adhesions. Omental band resected and ileostomy formed. Multiple mesenteric lymph nodes present biopsy shows tubercular granuloma. Patient recovers uneventfully.ConclusionIntensive diagnostic investigations and early surgical intervention should be considered in any adult patients with signs and symptoms of acute SBO to avoid possible complications of bowel strangulation and gangrene

Overwhelming post splenectomy infection syndrome – Review study

AbstractThe spleen has an abundance of lymphoid tissue, including splenic macrophages that attack encapsulated organisms. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) is a serious disease that can progress from a mild flu-like illness to fulminant sepsis in a short time period. However, recognition and clinical management of OPSI is not well established. Patients who are asplenic or hyposplenic are at an increased risk for infection and death from encapsulated organisms and other dangerous pathogens. Although relatively rare, it has a high mortality rate with delayed or inadequate treatment, and therefore it is important for Emergency Physicians to be familiar with it. Durations between Splenectomy and onset of OPSI ranged from less than 1 wk to more than 20 years. Although the mortality rate from OPSI has been reduced by appropriate vaccination and education. The precise pathogenesis and a suitable therapeutic strategy remain to be elucidated. Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) is a serious fulminant process that carries a high mortality rate