The Effects of Parental Behavior on Infants' Neural Processing of Emotion Expressions

Infants become sensitive to emotion expressions early in the 1st year and such sensitivity is likely crucial for social development and adaptation. Social interactions with primary caregivers may play a key role in the development of this complex ability. This study aimed to investigate how variations in parenting behavior affect infants' neural responses to emotional faces. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to emotional faces were recorded from 40 healthy 7-month-old infants (24 males). Parental behavior was assessed and coded using the Emotional Availability Scales during free-play interaction. Sensitive parenting was associated with increased amplitudes to positive facial expressions on the face-sensitive ERP component, the negative central. Findings are discussed in relation to the interactive mechanisms influencing how infants neurally encode positive emotions

A conservative and efficient model for grain boundaries of solid electrolytes in a continuum model for solid-state batteries

A formulation is presented to efficiently model ionic conduction inside, i.e. across and along, grain boundaries. Efficiency and accuracy is achieved by reducing it to a two-dimensional manifold while guaranteeing the conservation of mass and charge at the intersection of multiple grain boundaries. The formulation treats the electric field and the electric current as independent solution variables. We elaborate on the numerical challenges this formulation implies and compare the computed solution with results from an analytical solution by quantifying the convergence towards the exact solution. Towards the end of this work, the model is firstly applied to setups with extreme values of crucial parameters of grain boundaries to study the influence of the ionic conduction in the grain boundary on the overall battery cell voltage and, secondly, to a realistic microstructure to show the capabilities of the formulation

Adding Value by Combining Business and Sensor Data: An Industry 4.0 Use Case

Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things are recent developments that have lead to the creation of new kinds of manufacturing data. Linking this new kind of sensor data to traditional business information is crucial for enterprises to take advantage of the data's full potential. In this paper, we present a demo which allows experiencing this data integration, both vertically between technical and business contexts and horizontally along the value chain. The tool simulates a manufacturing company, continuously producing both business and sensor data, and supports issuing ad-hoc queries that answer specific questions related to the business. In order to adapt to different environments, users can configure sensor characteristics to their needs.Comment: Accepted at International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications (DASFAA 2019

Was bedeutet erfolgreich abgeschlossen? Dokumentation der Studierendendiskussion zum Thema im Rahmen der Ad-hoc-Gruppe "Studienerfolg"

Der Beitrag stellt eine Reflexion der Diskussionen, die im Rahmen der Ad-hoc-Gruppe "Studienerfolg im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft: Was bedeutet 'erfolgreich abgeschlossen'?" geführt wurden, dar. Er erörtert die Intention der Veranstaltung eine universitäts- und hochschulübergreifende Diskussion zur Frage des Studienerfolgs in den Fächern Soziologie und Sozialwissenschaften anzuregen, spitzt die in der Veranstaltung geführten Themendiskussionen auf einige in der Veranstaltung identifizierte Spannungsfelder zu und möchte einen Impuls für eine Fortführung der Diskussionen zwischen Studierenden untereinander und mit Lehrenden zur Frage der Studienqualität und des Studienerfolgs in den Fächern geben

Was bedeutet erfolgreich abgeschlossen? Dokumentation der Studierendendiskussion zum Thema im Rahmen der Ad-hoc-Gruppe „Studienerfolg“

Der Beitrag stellt eine Reflexion der Diskussionen, die im Rahmen der Ad-hoc-Gruppe „Studienerfolg im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft: Was bedeutet ‚erfolgreich abgeschlossen‘?“ geführt wurden, dar. Er erörtert die Intention der Veranstaltung eine universitäts- und hochschulübergreifende Diskussion zur Frage des Studienerfolgs in den Fächern Soziologie und Sozialwissenschaften anzuregen, spitzt die in der Veranstaltung geführten Themendiskussionen auf einige in der Veranstaltung identifizierte Spannungsfelder zu und möchte einen Impuls für eine Fortführung der Diskussionen zwischen Studierenden untereinander und mit Lehrenden zur Frage der Studienqualität und des Studienerfolgs in den Fächern geben

Short term effects of inpatient cognitive behavioral treatment of adolescents with anxious-depressed school absenteeism: an observational study

This observational study examined the changes during inpatient cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) of adolescents with chronic anxious-depressive school absenteeism with or without comorbid disruptive symptoms. 147 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) with a specific phobia or other anxiety disorder or a depressive episode or a mixed disorder of conduct and emotions and who had completely ceased to attend school or showed irregular school attendance underwent an inpatient cognitive-behavioral treatment. A further 16 patients aborted the treatment during the first day and were not included in the analyses. The treatment was manual guided and also included parents. Assessments were made pre-inpatient treatment, immediately post-inpatient treatment and at 2-month follow-up. School attendance was the primary outcome variable and secondary outcomes were composite scores of a range of adolescent- and parent-rated mental health problems. Overall, results show a considerable decline of school absenteeism and mental health problems during treatment and subsequent follow-up. Continuous school attendance was achieved by 87.1% of the sample at the end of inpatient treatment and by 82.3% at 2-month follow-up. Comorbid symptoms of anxiety, depression, disruptive and insufficient learning behavior were significantly reduced from pre to follow-up, with effect sizes for the composite scores ranging from 0.44 to 1.15 (p < 0.001). This large observational study in adolescents with school absenteeism and a mixture of emotional and disruptive symptoms is the first to show the benefits of inpatient therapy that included cognitive-behavioral therapy and access to a special school with expertise on teaching children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. The results must be interpreted conservatively because of the lack of a control condition

Anaysis of the validity of P2D models for solid-state batteries in a large parameter range

Simulation models are nowadays indispensable to efficiently assess or optimize novel battery cell concepts during the development process. Electro-chemo-mechano models are widely used to investigate solid-state batteries during cycling and allow the prediction of the dependence of design parameters like material properties, geometric properties, or operating conditions on output quantities like the state of charge. One possibility of classification of these physics-based models is their level of geometric resolution, including three-dimensionally resolved models and geometrically homogenized models, known as Doyle-Fuller-Newman or pseudo two-dimensional models. Within this study, the advantages and drawbacks of these two types of models are identified within a wide range of the design parameter values. Therefore, the sensitivity of an output quantity of the models on one or a combination of parameters is compared. In particular, the global sensitivity, i.e., the sensitivity in a wide range of parameter values, is computed by using the Sobol indices as a measure. Furthermore, the local sensitivity of the difference in the output quantities of both models is evaluated to identify regions of parameter values in which they contain significant deviations. Finally, remarks on the potential interplay between both models to obtain fast and reliable results are given

Molecular magnetic quantum dots in multivalent metal cluster compound

Quantum Matter and Optic

Seasonal variation of BMI at admission in German adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Objective Recent preliminary studies indicated a seasonal association of BMI at admission to inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN), indicating lower BMI in the cold season for restrictive AN. An impaired thermoregulation was proposed as the causal factor, based on findings in animal models of AN. However, findings regarding seasonality of BMI and physical activity levels in the general population indicate lower BMI and higher physical activity in summer than in winter. Therefore, we aimed to thoroughly replicate the findings regarding seasonality of BMI at admission in patients with AN in this study. Method AN subtype, age- and gender-standardized BMI scores (BMI-SDS) at admission, mean daily sunshine duration and ambient temperature at the residency of 304 adolescent inpatients with AN of the multi-center German AN registry were analyzed. Results A main effect of DSM-5 AN subtype was found (F(2,298) = 6.630, p = .002), indicating differences in BMI-SDS at admission between restrictive, binge/purge and subclinical AN. No main effect of season on BMI-SDS at admission was found (F(1,298) = 4.723, p = .025), but an interaction effect of DSM-5 subtype and season was obtained (F(2,298) = 6.625, p = .001). Post-hoc group analyses revealed a lower BMI-SDS in the warm season for restrictive AN with a non-significant small effect size (t(203.16) = 2.140, p = .033; Hedges′g = 0.28). Small correlations of mean ambient temperature (r = −.16) and daily sunshine duration (r = −.22) with BMI-SDS in restrictive AN were found. However, the data were widely scattered. Conclusions Our findings are contrary to previous studies and question the thermoregulatory hypothesis, indicating that seasonality in AN is more complex and might be subject to other biological or psychological factors, for example physical activity or body dissatisfaction. Our results indicate only a small clinical relevance of seasonal associations of BMI-SDS merely at admission. Longitudinal studies investigating within-subject seasonal changes might be more promising to assess seasonality in AN and of higher clinical relevance