Ante- and post-mortem factors affect muscle protein functionality from fish

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fillets were brined in 8.7 or 17.4% (w/v) sodium chloride solution, respectively, for 30, 60, 90, or 120 min at 3°C. Increased brine concentration decreased brined pH, myosin solubility, brined and cooked moisture content, and water activity, and increased fillet weight loss after brining, cook yield, actin solubility, water-phase salt content, and shear force. Brining time linearly increased myofibrillar protein solubility, fillet weight loss after brining, water-phase salt content, and cooked ash content and linearly decreased water activity and brined and cooked moisture content. An 8.7% (w/v) brine and 90-min brining time resulted in maximum texture development while achieving the water-phase salt content (≥3.5%) required by the Food and Drug Administration.;For ante-mortem handling stress, Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, hatched at 6.5 and 9.5°C and categorized as large, medium, and small when 6-m old, were assigned to four handling stress treatments: (1) processing with no stress; (2) processing immediately after stress; (3) processing 24 h after stress, and (4) processing 48 h after stress. Stress reduced gut weight and muscle a*, increased L* for the 9.5°C group, decreased L* for the 6.5°C group, and increased fillet weight loss after brining. Fish hatched at 9.5°C appeared to be more sensitive to handling stress; fillets from the stressed, 9.5°C group absorbed more brine, increasing salt and ash content of smoked products. Resting for 48 h after stress increased gut weight and enhanced L*.;Poorer texture quality was observed in smoked products produced from frozen fillets. Stabilization of rainbow trout fillets by water, 1% (w/v) sodium lactate, or 8% (w/v) sucrose/sorbitol (1:1 w/w), alone or in combination with 0.5% (w/v) sodium tripolyphosphate/tetrasodium pyrophosphate (1:1 w/w) and/or 0.05% (w/v) magnesium chloride was investigated. Cryoprotectants minimized the negative effects of 90-d frozen storage at -20°C on total and myofibrillar protein solubility, protein surface hydrophobicity, total, free and disulfide sulfhydryl content, and myosin susceptibility to thermal denaturation. Sucrose/sorbitol provided more effective cryoprotection than sodium lactate in preservation of protein structure and improvement of texture quality in smoked fillets. Phosphate enhanced cryoprotective effect. Magnesium chloride tended to accelerate protein denaturation during frozen storage

Unemployment and Political Extremism in Zimbabwe, 2000- 2010

Unemployment prevalence among the youth is largely tribute to political extremism in politically disoriented countries. The paper examined the effects of political extremism in Zimbabwe on the high unemployment statistics in the period between 2000- 2010. The study applies the Zimbabwean quarterly data to explore the relationship among variables by using interrelated Tobit econometric procedure. The study findings indicated that 82.97 percent of the Zimbabwean population is unemployed, if the country is unstable and there is political violence. The partial coefficients showed that when political extremism persists, and is not controlled, unemployment is likely to increase by almost 4.29 percent increase in each period

An empirical application of the Tobin’s Q theory in housing investments in South Africa

This study examines the patterns in the housing investments in South Africa in an attempt to understand if the possibility of the Tobin Q can be used to interpret the patterns and trends in the South African residential investments. The study, in its quest to explore and expose this intermporal relationship, it makes use of the South African annual time series data from 1960- 2010. The data was computed in different economic and econometric analysis software for better and reliable output, depending on the different level econometric technique that is required and need to be captured by the study. The dynamic investment equation is estimated using general- to- specific ARDL approach to magnify this connection and trends. The study established that combined asset prices and the levels of residential investment affect the long run investment performance rather than the Tobin Q. In the short run the lagged values of the Q, Business investment and residential investments seemed to be influential driving forces of private investment in South Africa. Even if the capital reserves in South Africa seem to be healthy, there is always a dire call for policy to be geared in the direction of the accessibility of credit to guarantee a supplementary conducive investment climate

Constraints to implementation of physical education and sport as a compulsory subject among selected primary schools in Mansa district of Luapula province

Physical Education (PE) is as old as humankind itself. Man had to be fit to survive. During the Colonial Era, PE was practised in school; however, with more emphasis being placed on improvement of academic skills, PE slowly lost its place in school. This study sought purposed to explore and determine constraints to implementation of Physical Education and Sport (PES) as a compulsory subject among selected primary schools in Mansa District of Luapula Province. To achieve this, the study specifically endeavoured to: find out the benefits of PES from the respondents' point of view who included teachers and officers from decision making institutions; examine how PES is viewed and handled in primary schools; analyse factors hindering the successful implementation of teaching PES as a compulsory subject in primary schools and explore the strategies that are likely to overcome the hindrances. The study employed both qualitative approaches in context of survey design. Non-probability sampling approaches were used. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, simple unstructured observations and discussions. The results of the study showed that the factors that constrained compulsory implementation of PE were diverse in nature. The misinterpretations and misconceptions about PES revealed that the respondents, especially non-PES teachers were more familiar with the meanings than the benefits. This was due to poor awareness and literacy. PES practises were limited in nature and only biased towards outdoor psychomotor skills. Majority of the respondents, predominantly those from non-PES background disagreed with the idea of compulsory implementation even though the revised curriculum clearly spells out the teaching of PES as a compulsory subject. They argued that, PES was not a matter of urgency and that there were other examinable subjects such as science that deserved more time than it. However, from the findings, the constraints that seemed prominent were lack of adequate resources, trained PES teachers, and poor leadership. The main recommendations of the study included an urgent need for the government through the Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Early Education (MESVTEE) to implement annual examinations, procure materials and train more PES teachers. The government through the Curriculum Development Centre needs to institute a monitoring and evaluation team to check the extent to which PES is being implemented in primary schools. The study therefore, concluded that adequate investment in procuring teaching and learning materials, infrastructural development and capacity building were likely to reduce on the constraints that hinder compulsory implementation of PES in primary schools. The study recommended the need to invest in procurement of teaching materials, infrastructural development and capacity building because they were deemed to be catalysts towards compulsory implementation of PES. A large scale survey to explore the factors constraining the implementation of PES as a compulsory subject is needed. This one was small in terms of spatial extent

A cerâmica campaniense do Monte Molião, Lagos

Tese de mestrado, Arqueologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2011A cerâmica campaniense é uma importante referência quando nos debruçamos sobre os ínicios da romanidade. Tal como em todo o Mediterrâneo, esta classe cerâmica torna-se um “fóssil director” na datação dos contextos que documentam o avanço da conquista romana no extremo ocidente da Península Ibérica. Esta, proveniente de diferentes centros produtores, caracteriza-se pelas suas pastas bem depuradas e de várias tonalidades e pelo seu verniz negro, aplicado por imersão. A sua produção baliza-se entre os séculos III a.C. e I a.C. O conjunto de cerâmica campaniense do Monte Molião é abundante e formalmente variado. Este, permite-nos o estudo de hábitos de consumo, alterações económico-sociais e a construção de novas realidades arquitectónicas. Quando comparado com os outros conjuntos dos sítios da costa algarvia permite a leitura de padrões de importação e consumo destes materiais, assim como, o enquadramento cronológico da instalação dos novos contingentes itálicos a Sul do actual território português. Abstract: Campanian ceramic is an important reference when we focus on the beginnings of the Romanity. As throughout the Mediterranean, this pottery class becomes a "fossil director" in the dating of the contexts that document the progress of Roman conquest in the extreme west of the Iberian Peninsula. This, coming from different production centers, characterized by their well cleaned clay in various shades and his black polish, applied by immersion. It’s chronologically fits between the third and the first centuries. The set of campanian ceramic of Monte Molião, Lagos, is abundant and varied. This allows us to study consumer habits, economic and social changes and the construction of new architectural realities. When compared to other archeological sites in the Algarve coast, allows reading patterns of import and consumption of these materials, as well as the chronological framework of the installation of new italic people in south of the current portuguese territory

Prospective endoscopic study of duodenal ulcer in Zimbabwean Blacks

A clinical endoscopic study of duodenal ulcer problems in black Zimbabweans.One thousand seven hundred and fourteen Black Zimbabwean patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Demographic details of the patients were analyzed. A randomly chosen cohort of 50 patients with duodenal ulceration was compared to age and sex matched controls regarding lifestyle mid H. pylori infection. Five hundred and sixteen patients had active duodenal ulcers, giving a crude prevalence rate of ulceration of 456 per 100 000 new hospital cases. There is a difference from the disease in Western countries in several respects. The incidence appears to be increasing in Zimbabwe. There was no significant difference between ulcer patients and controls in their association with alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, urban residence and salicylate ingestion

A ascensão social como fator motivacional da busca pelo futebol como prática esportiva

Orientador: Wanderley Marchi JuniorMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Física

Formação econômica do Brasil : uma resenha da obra de Celso Furtado

Orientador: José Guilherme Silva VieiraMonografia(Graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Ciências EconômicasResumo: O presente resumo do livro Formação Econômica do Brasil do renomado economista Celso Furtado, tem como objetivo elencar os principais momentos econômicos do Brasil do período da colonização até o momento da sua escrita. Este livro representa um grande referencial no assunto, pois com uma postura crítica este escritor evidencia as estruturas que se desenvolveram neste período e o seu legadoAbstrac