Organic geochemical microanalysis by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful method for the chemical analysis of solid surfaces. In this paper, the capabilities and limitations of this technique and the potential for its use in geochemical research are outlined. Using ToF-SIMS, the chemical composition of sample structures down to 10-100 mu m can be determined, without the need for pre-selection or labelling of the analysed substances. In addition, the lateral distribution of organic and inorganic compounds can be mapped in geochemical samples at a resolution in the micrometre range. The capabilities of the technique in geochemistry are illustrated by two examples. In the first example, it is shown that ToF-SIMS can be used to detect biomarkers in oil samples, making it a promising method for the analysis of biomarkers in fluid inclusions. In the second example, a number of specific lipid biomarkers were identified and mapped on the surface of a microbial mat cryosection surface. Post-measurement optical microscopy correlated the localisation of the lipids with the presence of methanotrophic archaea in the microbial mat