SLOVENKE V GRČIJI

The treatise deals with Slovene women who immigrated to Greece because of marriage. The author attempts to present emigrant women that migrated singly not knowing one of another. The reasons for leaving were entirely personal, that is marriage with a Greek; they were not of political or economic nature. Only those immigrants that moved to Greece and remained there were included in the study. Their initial impressions about Greece were idealistic but as soon as they began living in the new environment, disagreements between the immigrants and the husband’s families arose as well as with the wider Greek environment. Slovene women did not understand their customs and consequently they were not acting in accordance with the rules, and the Greek society did not understand and tolerate their conduct. In Greek society, their status was ambivalent. On the one hand they were critical towards them and therefore rapidly disapproved of their behaviour and on the other Slovene women were allowed a different conduct (more Slovene) or were forgiven and allowed some things because they were strangers. Despite all mentioned Slovene women had to conform to the Greek way of life and to new customs. Some of the customs such as those regarding Easter, social life and food, enriched their style of life while they accepted other habits by necessity; some customs they did not accept and persisted with their own (Slovene) ones. With years, they became similar to the Greeks, absorbed their way of communication, socialising and behaviour, took over some customs yet despite all mentioned distinctions preserved. Different was their style of communication, of conduct as well, and above all the mentality. That connected them with Slovenes and that is why they still feel Slovenes. Slovene women in Greece gradually acquainted with one another. Even a formal society of the Greek-Slovene friendship was established. Meetings were for them a form of sociability and as well of mutual solidarity as they exchanged experiences, had conversations in Slovene language and helped one another. The majority have preserved knowledge of Slovene language as at home they spoke Slovene with their children, some even with their husbands. They preserved contacts with Slovenia – with their families and friends with the help of correspondence and yearly visiting.Razprava se ukvarjala s Slovenkami, ki so se izselile v Grčijo zaradi omožitve. Želela sem prestaviti izseljenske, ki so se selile posamično, ne vedoč druga za drugo. Razlogi so bili povsem osebni, tj. poroka z Grkom, in niso bili politične ali ekonomske narave. V študijo so bile vključene le tiste izseljenke, ki so se preselile v Grčijo in tam tudi živele. Prvi njihovi vtisi o Grčiji so bili idealistični, toda, ko so resnično zaživele v tem okolju, je prihajalo do nesporazumov med priseljenkami in moževo družino, pa tudi s širšim grškim okoljem. Slovenke niso razumele nekaterih njihovih navad in zato niso delovale v skladu s pravili, družba pa ni razumela in tolerirala njihovega vedenja. V grški družbi so imele ambivalenten položaj. Na eni strani so bili do njih bolj kritični in so jih hitreje obsojali zaradi njihovega obnašanja, po drugi strani pa jim je bilo dopuščeno drugačno vedenje (bolj slovensko), oziroma so jim nekatere stvari odpustili in dopustili prav zato, ker so bile tujke. Kljub temu pa so se morale Slovenke prilagoditi grškemu načinu življenja in novim navadam. Nekatere od teh navad, kot so npr. v zvezi z veliko nočjo, družabnim življenjem in hrano, so obogatile njihovo stil življenja in so jim zlezle pod kožo, druge so sprejele po sili razmer, nekaterih pa niso sprejele in so vztrajale pri svojih (slovenskih) navadah. Z leti so postajale bolj podobne Grkom in so se navzele njihovega načina komunikacije, druženja in obnašanja, prevzele nekatere navade, a kljub temu so se ohranile razlike. Drugačen je bil njihov način komunikacije, tudi obnašanja, predvsem pa mišljenja. Prav to jih je povezovalo s Slovenci in zato se še zmeraj čutijo Slovenke. Slovenke v Grčiji so se postopoma spoznale med seboj in se družile. Ustanovili so celo formalno društvo grško-slovenskega prijateljstva. Srečanja so jim pomenila obliko družabnosti, pa tudi medsebojne solidarnosti, saj so si izmenjavale izkušnje, se pogovarjale v slovenščini in si tudi pomagale. Večina je ohranila znanje slovenskega jezika, saj so doma s svojimi otroki govorile slovensko, nekatere celo s soprogom. Ohranile so tudi stike s Slovenijo – svojimi domači in prijatelji, in sicer s pomočjo dopisovanja in vsakoletnih obiskov

SLOVENKE V GRČIJI

Razprava se ukvarjala s Slovenkami, ki so se izselile v Grčijo zaradi omožitve. Želela sem prestaviti izseljenske, ki so se selile posamično, ne vedoč druga za drugo. Razlogi so bili povsem osebni, tj. poroka z Grkom, in niso bili politične ali ekonomske narave. V študijo so bile vključene le tiste izseljenke, ki so se preselile v Grčijo in tam tudi živele. Prvi njihovi vtisi o Grčiji so bili idealistični, toda, ko so resnično zaživele v tem okolju, je prihajalo do nesporazumov med priseljenkami in moževo družino, pa tudi s širšim grškim okoljem. Slovenke niso razumele nekaterih njihovih navad in zato niso delovale v skladu s pravili, družba pa ni razumela in tolerirala njihovega vedenja. V grški družbi so imele ambivalenten položaj. Na eni strani so bili do njih bolj kritični in so jih hitreje obsojali zaradi njihovega obnašanja, po drugi strani pa jim je bilo dopuščeno drugačno vedenje (bolj slovensko), oziroma so jim nekatere stvari odpustili in dopustili prav zato, ker so bile tujke. Kljub temu pa so se morale Slovenke prilagoditi grškemu načinu življenja in novim navadam. Nekatere od teh navad, kot so npr. v zvezi z veliko nočjo, družabnim življenjem in hrano, so obogatile njihovo stil življenja in so jim zlezle pod kožo, druge so sprejele po sili razmer, nekaterih pa niso sprejele in so vztrajale pri svojih (slovenskih) navadah. Z leti so postajale bolj podobne Grkom in so se navzele njihovega načina komunikacije, druženja in obnašanja, prevzele nekatere navade, a kljub temu so se ohranile razlike. Drugačen je bil njihov način komunikacije, tudi obnašanja, predvsem pa mišljenja. Prav to jih je povezovalo s Slovenci in zato se še zmeraj čutijo Slovenke. Slovenke v Grčiji so se postopoma spoznale med seboj in se družile. Ustanovili so celo formalno društvo grško-slovenskega prijateljstva. Srečanja so jim pomenila obliko družabnosti, pa tudi medsebojne solidarnosti, saj so si izmenjavale izkušnje, se pogovarjale v slovenščini in si tudi pomagale. Večina je ohranila znanje slovenskega jezika, saj so doma s svojimi otroki govorile slovensko, nekatere celo s soprogom. Ohranile so tudi stike s Slovenijo – svojimi domači in prijatelji, in sicer s pomočjo dopisovanja in vsakoletnih obiskov

Multi-site binding of epigallocatechin gallate to human serum albumin measured by NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry

The affinity of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for human serum albumin (HSA) was measured in physiological conditions using NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). NMR estimated the Ka (self-dissociation constant) of EGCG as 50 mM. NMR showed two binding events: strong (n1=1.8 ± 0.2; Kd1 =19 ± 12 μM) and weak (n2∼20; Kd2 =40 ± 20 mM). ITC also showed two binding events: strong (n1=2.5 ± 0.03; Kd1 =21.6 ± 4.0 μM) and weak (n2=9 ± 1; Kd2 =22 ± 4 mM). The two techniques are consistent, with an unexpectedly high number of bound EGCG. The strong binding is consistent with binding in the two Sudlow pockets. These results imply that almost all EGCG is transported in the blood bound to albumin and explains the wide tissue distribution and chemical stability of EGCG in vivo

Soluble polysaccharides reduce binding and inhibitory activity of tea polyphenols against porcine pancreatic α-amylase

The effects of three soluble polysaccharides on the inhibitory activity of tea polyphenols against porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) were studied through PPA inhibition, half inhibition concentration (IC50), inhibition kinetics and fluorescence quenching. The results show that citrus pectin, wheat arabinoxylan and oat β-glucan could each increase the IC50 values and competitive inhibition constants (Kic), and decrease the fluorescence quenching constants (KFQ) of tea polyphenols interacting with PPA. The data show a competitive interaction equilibrium among polysaccharides, polyphenols and PPA. For individual polyphenols, there were negative linear correlations between both the values of 1/Kic and KFQ and that of IC50 with and without polysaccharides, indicating that the decreased inhibitory activity of polyphenols induced by the polysaccharides was caused by the reduced binding of polyphenols with PPA. Additionally, the slopes of the linear relationship between IC50 and Kic and that between KFQ and 1/Kic remained stable with and without polysaccharides, suggesting that these constants may be combined to characterize the effects of soluble polysaccharides on the PPA inhibition by polyphenols

Potential applicaton of β-galactosidase in food science and nutrition

β-galactosidase is an enzyme with hydrolytic and transgalactosylation activity. The origin of the enzyme dictates the balance between both activities. Industrially used β-galactosidases are obtained with recombinant production from filamentus funghi Aspergillus sp. and yeasts Kluyveromyces sp. Recently thermostabile β-galactosidases have been subject of many research. The enzyme can be industrially used in free or immobilized form. Immobilization often provides better stability, reusability and lower expenses. Application of β-galactosidase is most common in food processing and nutrition, it is also used in medicine and ecology. Hydrolytic activity of the enzyme has long been used for reducing lactose content in milk, while transgalactosylitic activity is used for synthesis of products such as galactooligosaccharides, lactosucrose and others. The latter have a great potential in food industry for obtaining products with reduced lactose content and increasing of nutritional value by adding dietetic fibers such as galactooligosaccharides. Despite the potential it is vital that reaction mechanisms become better understood and optimization is in place in order to reach the usability of this enzyme at industrial level

Effects of selected essential oils on the growth and production of ochratoxin A by Penicillium verrucosum

Eterična olja origana (Origanum vulgare L.), mete (Mentha piperita L.), janeža (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), in borovih (Abies alba Mill.) iglic in storžev, ter njihove sestavine timol, karvakrol, mentol in anisaldehid smo testirali kot snovi z protiglivno aktivnostjo proti plesnim vrste Penicillium verrucosum. Najnižje minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije (MICs) smo določili eteričnemu olju origana, ter karvakrolu, timolu, in mentolu. Rast plesni vrste P. verrucosum je bila popolnoma inhibirana po 21 dneh inkubacije v prisotnosti ½ MIC timola (0,0625 mg mL-1), medtem ko so eterično olje origana (½ MIC, ¼ MIC), timol (¼ MIC) in karvakrol (½ MIC, ¼ MIC) inhibirali rast plesni od 8,3 % do 70.8 %. Dodatek mentola v koncentracijah ¼ MIC in ½ MIC (0.1875 mg mL-1 in 0.3750 mg mL-1) pa ni imel inhibitornega vpliva na rast plesni vrste P. verrucosum. Popolno inhibicijo tvorbe ohratoksina A smo določili le v primeru, ko je bila tudi rast teh plesni popolnoma inhibirana (pri ½ MIC timola). Največjo inhibicijo tvorbe ohratoksina A (96,9 %) po 21 dnevih inkubacije smo določili pri ¼ MIC timola (0.0313 mg mL-1). Pospešeno tvorbo ohratoksina A (od 13,9 % do 28,8 %) pa smo določili pri ¼ MIC eteričnega olja origana (0.2930 mg mL-1) in ½ MIC karvakrola (0.1953 mg mL-1). Protiglivni vplivi so bili odvisni od testirane snovi, njene koncentracije ter časa interakcij med protiglivno snovjo in plesnimi vrste P. verrucosum. Rezultati nakazujejo možnosti uporabe eteričnega olja origana v živilih namesto kemijskih konzervansov. Ker pa so živila kompleksna okolja v katerih je potrebno upoštevati več dejavnikov, so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave.Essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), and pine (Abies alba Mill.) needles and cones, and their active substances thymol, carvacrol, menthol, and anisaldehyde were tested for antifungal activity against Penicillium verrucosum. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were achieved for essential oil of oregano, followed by carvacrol, thymol, and menthol. These antifungal components were further investigated, as the main aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of natural antifungals on ochratoxin A production. During 21 days of exposure, the growth of P. verrucosum, and subsequently the production of ochratoxin A, was fully inhibited by thymol at ½ MIC (0.0625 mg mL-1), but menthol at ¼ and ½ MIC (0.1875 and 3750 mg mL-1) showed no growth inhibition. After 21 days of incubation, the greatest inhibitory effect on ochratoxin production (inhibition was 96.9 %) was also achieved with thymol at ¼ MIC (0.0313 mg mL-1). Essential oil of oregano (¼ MIC, 0.2930 μL mL-1) and carvacrol (½ MIC, 0.1953 μL mL-1) stimulate production of ochratoxin A at 13.9 % to 28.8 %, respectively. The observed antifungal effects depended on the agent, the concentration used, and the time of interaction between the agent and P. verrucosum. Our results indicate the possibility of using oregano essential oil as a substitute for artificial preservatives in certain foods, but further research is needed