Gender differences in the temporal voice areas

There is not only evidence for behavioral differences in voice perception between female and male listeners, but also recent suggestions for differences in neural correlates between genders. The fMRI functional voice localizer (comprising a univariate analysis contrasting stimulation with vocal versus non-vocal sounds) is known to give robust estimates of the temporal voice areas (TVAs). However there is growing interest in employing multivariate analysis approaches to fMRI data (e.g. multivariate pattern analysis; MVPA). The aim of the current study was to localize voice-related areas in both female and male listeners and to investigate whether brain maps may differ depending on the gender of the listener. After a univariate analysis, a random effects analysis was performed on female (n = 149) and male (n = 123) listeners and contrasts between them were computed. In addition, MVPA with a whole-brain searchlight approach was implemented and classification maps were entered into a second-level permutation based random effects models using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM; Nichols & Holmes 2002). Gender differences were found only in the MVPA. Identified regions were located in the middle part of the middle temporal gyrus (bilateral) and the middle superior temporal gyrus (right hemisphere). Our results suggest differences in classifier performance between genders in response to the voice localizer with higher classification accuracy from local BOLD signal patterns in several temporal-lobe regions in female listeners

El cariotipo de Amphisbaena munoai y comentarios sobre la meiosis en los Amphisbaenidae

El cariotipo de Amphisbaena munoai es descripto en base a cuatro ejemplares provenientes de la localidad típica, Cerro de las Ánimas, en el departamento de Maldonado, Uruguay. Los cuatro individuos, dos machos (GSKR-118 y 135), y dos hembras (GSKR-116 y 117), fueron ingresados provisoriamente en la colección de campo del autor.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Attractiveness and distinctiveness between speakers' voices in naturalistic speech and their faces are uncorrelated

honest signal hypothesis, attractiveness, averageness, face, distinctiveness, voic

El cariotipo de Amphisbaena munoai y comentarios sobre la meiosis en los Amphisbaenidae

El cariotipo de Amphisbaena munoai es descripto en base a cuatro ejemplares provenientes de la localidad típica, Cerro de las Ánimas, en el departamento de Maldonado, Uruguay. Los cuatro individuos, dos machos (GSKR-118 y 135), y dos hembras (GSKR-116 y 117), fueron ingresados provisoriamente en la colección de campo del autor.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

The problem of wastewater treatment in the Karst region

The thesis addresses the issue of the treatment of urban waste water in three municipalities of the Karst region. The first part of the thesis comprises a general review of the legislation covering the discharge, emission and treatment of waste water both at the European and Slovene level and a description of the existing urban and industrial waste water treatment plants in the Karst area.\ud With regards to Rules on the collection and treatment of urban waste water and meteoric water the thesis analyzes the actual burden caused by waste water in settlements with a population equivalent of more than 50. Various potential solutions are given, the most favourable of which is detailed in the final part of the thesis together with the capacity and the number of small urban waste water treatment plants that should be built

Description of the Tadpole of Proceratophrys renalis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Cycloramphidae)

The tadpole of Proceratophrys renalis is described based on specimens from Maceió, State of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. At stage 35 the body is slightly dorso-ventrally depressed, ovoid in lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. Oral disc is ventral with lateral emarginations, surrounded by a single row of marginal papillae with a large gap on the upper labium. Labial tooth row formula is 2(2)/3(1). The analysis of internal oral anatomy revealed two possible characters that readily distinguish P. renalis from P. boiei, supporting the recent ressurection of P. renalis. Comparisons with available descriptions of the larvae for other species in the genus are provided

Description of the Tadpole of \u3cem\u3eProceratophrys renalis\u3c/em\u3e (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Cycloramphidae)

The tadpole of Proceratophrys renalis is described based on specimens from Maceió, State of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. At stage 35 the body is slightly dorso-ventrally depressed, ovoid in lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. Oral disc is ventral with lateral emarginations, surrounded by a single row of marginal papillae with a large gap on the upper labium. Labial tooth row formula is 2(2)/3(1 ). The analysis of internal oral anatomy revealed two possible characters that readily distinguish P. renalis from P. boiei, supporting the recent resurrection of P. renal is. Comparisons with available descriptions of the larvae for other species in the genus are provided

Barriers and motivators for participation of cardiovascular healthcare providers in clinical trials in Iraq: a survey-based study

Background Low-middle income countries harbour the highest burden of cardiovascular diseases globally but there is an under-representation of these countries in cardiovascular clinical trials. This limits the generalizability of the trial results to these countries. There is lack of data on insights of cardiologists in these countries regarding conducting and participating in clinical trials. We sought the views of cardiovascular healthcare professionals in Iraq on participation in clinical trials. Method Cardiovascular professionals in Iraq were identified and contacted, via special platforms on social media specified for them , to answer a 30-item online survey. Results n=255 (20% women), interventional cardiologists constituted 44.7% followed by cardiology trainees (31%). Almost 30% reported having been involved in clinical trials, with data collection being the more frequently reported role (21.2%). Prior participation was not significantly associated with respondent gender, academic affiliation, or presence of institutional ethical committee. 95.7% thought that clinical trials should be conducted in Iraq, with 58.8% reporting that they would participate if invited. The most common barriers to respondents' participation in trials were lack of electronic health records (52.2%) and time (51.4%), and the requirement of additional follow-up visits or investigations (34.1%). The most common motivators were establishing electronic health records (86.27%), education and training of the general population about clinical trials (84.7%), and dedicated training for healthcare providers about clinical trial basics (84.3%). Conclusion Our work helps pave the path to implementing a robust clinical trial ecosystem in Iraq. Institutional and financial factors and a lack of dedicated research time are related to the cardiovascular clinical trial lag in Iraq. Future qualitative research can help in getting a deeper understanding of what is needed to create the right infrastructure

Karyotypes of eight species of Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with a description of a new karyotype for the genus

Eight species of the Neotropical genus Leptodactylus were karyologically studied: seven of them (L. gracilis, L. mystacinus,L. petersii, L. pustulatus, L. macrosternum, L. ocellatus, L. labyrinthicus) presented 2n=22 and L. silvanimbus showed a distinctive karyotype with 2n=24. Nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were detected in two different pairs of chromosomes: pair 4 at the proximal region of the long arm of one individual of L. mystacinus from São Paulo state and of L. petersii; and pair 8 of all other species (located terminally at the short arm of L. silvanimbus, L. ocellatus, L. macrosternum, L. pustulatus, and L. labyrinthicus; interstitially at the short arm in L. gracilis; and at the long arm in L. mystacinus from Mato Grosso state). The diploid number reported here for L. silvanimbus shared with Scythrophrys and Paratelmatobius could represent the ancestral chromosome number for Leptodactylus (sensu Frost et al. 2006); in this case the 2n=22 karyotypes would then represent the derivative condition for the genus. Nevertheless, the distinctive karyotype of L. silvanimbus lead us to preclude a final decision on its relationships. Additional studies including morphological and molecular approaches are needed in order to clarify the phylogenetic position of L. silvanimbus