Symbols in accion. Identity and cultural patrimony. The case of Tafí del Valle department Tucumán-Argentina

El concepto de Patrimonio Cultural fue concebido como una herramienta estatal para la gestión cultural (Endere, 2000). Esto implica que la institución estatal monopoliza los derechos sobre la totalidad de los bienes culturales que consideran representativos. Como herramienta del sistema simbólico estatal, la selección de un objeto dentro un listado potencialmente amplio, implica una operación intelectual que se propone hegemonizar el discurso identitario (Prats, 2004). De esta manera, los objetos elevados a la categoría de patrimonio cultural sintetizan un proyecto identitario, que pone en juego todas las instituciones del estado con el fin de llevar a cabo un proceso forzoso de integración con la intención de homogeneizar la población en una cultura nacional. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar el proceso que va desde la selección del elemento activado patrimonialmente hasta su inclusión en el sistema simbólico que le otorga sentido al mismo. ¿Cómo se selecciona un objeto? ¿Qué relación tiene la selección política con el reconocimiento social? ¿Cómo se otorga significado al objeto activado? ¿Hacía quién esta dirigido el discurso patrimonialista? Para llevar a cabo nuestros objetivos nos centraremos en el análisis de las activaciones llevadas a cabo en el departamento de Tafí del Valle provincia de Tucumán, entre las que se encuentran, el parque de los menhires, la reconstrucción de las ruinas de Quilmes y la creación del museo de La Banda.The concept of Cultural Patrimony was conceived like a state to ol for the cultural management (Endere, 2000). This implies that the state institution monopolizes the rights on the totality of the cultural goods that consider representative. Like tool of the state symbolic system, the selection of an object inside a potentially ample listing, implies an intellectual operation that it sets out to hegemonizar the identitario speech (Prats, 2004). This way, the objects elevated to the category of cultural patrimony synthesize a identitario project, that puts into play all the institutions of the state with the purpose of carrying out an unavoidable process of in tegration with the intention to homogenize the population in a national culture. In this work we set out to analyze the process that goes patrimonially from the selection of the element activated to its inclusion in the symbolic system that grants sense. How selects an object? What relation has the political selection with the social recognition? How grants meaning to the activated object? For whom this directed the patrimonialista speech? In order to carry out our objectives we will be centered in the analysis of the carried out activations in the department of Tafí of the Valley province of Tucumán, between which they are, the park of menhires, the reconstruction of the ruins of Quilmes and the creation of the museum of the Band.Fil: Slavutsky, Ariel Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales. Observatorio de Relaciones Internacionales, Derecho y Ciencias Politicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; Argentin

Expression of SOX11 transcription factor. Its implication in mantle cell lymphoma

El gen SOX11, perteneciente a la familia de genes SOXC, es un factor de transcripción involucrado en la neurogénesis embrionaria y el remodelado tisular, participando asimismo en el control de la proliferación celular. Su rol en la linfomagénesis es desconocido. Estudios recientes han mostrado expresión proteica nuclear aberrante y sobreexpresión de los niveles de transcripto de SOX11 en pacientes con linfoma de células del manto (LCM). Si bien la mayoría de estos linfomas presentan un curso clínico agresivo, existe un subgrupo de pacientes con enfermedad indolente, sugiriendo una mayor heterogeneidad de esta patología. Actualmente, existen contradicciones respecto de la asociación entre la expresión del gen SOX11 y la evolución clínica del LCM; mientras algunos autores relacionan la ausencia de expresión de SOX11 con buen pronóstico, otros lo encuentran asociado a un curso clínico adverso. Esta diferencia en la expresión estaría relacionada a mecanismos epigenéticos, metilación del ADN y modificaciones a nivel de histonas, que permitirían la expresión aberrante de este gen en algunas neoplasias linfoides, incluyendo LCM. La profundización del conocimiento del gen SOX11 en LCM hará factible, sin duda, lograr una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos involucrados en la patogénesis y/o progresión de este linfoma, así como del rol de SOX11 en estos procesos.SOX11, belonging to the family of genes SOXC, is a transcript factor involved in the embryonic neurogenesis and tissue remodeling, also participating in the control of cell proliferation. Its role in lymphomagenesis still remains unknown. Recent studies have shown aberrant SOX11 nuclear protein expression as well as mRNA levels in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Although the majority of these lymphomas have an aggressive clinical course, there is a subgroup of patients with an indolent clinical evolution, suggesting a greater heterogeneity of this disease. Currently, there are contradictions regarding the association of SOX11 gene expression and outcome in MCL, while some authors have related the lack of SOX11 expression with good prognosis, others find it associated with an adverse clinical course. This difference in the gene expression could be associated to epigenetic mechanisms such as modifications at the histone level and DNA methylation that would allow the aberrant expression of this gene in some lymphoid neoplasias, including LCM. More knowledge of gene SOX11 in LCM will lead to a greater understanding of those mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of this lymphoma, also the involvement of SOX11 in these processes.Fil: Roisman, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Telomere protein complexes and their role in lymphoid malignancies

Telomeres are highly regulated and dynamic complexes that protect the genomic DNA and prevent the end of linear chromosomes from being misrecognized as a broken DNA. Due to the end replication problem, telomeres of somatic cells shorten with each cell division, inducing cell senescence. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase capable of compensating telomere attrition by adding telomere repeats to the ends of chromosomes. Human telomeres are associated with the shelterin complex which consists of six telomere-associated proteins that specifically bind to telomeric DNA. Alterations or removal of individual shelterin components would lead to telomere uncapping and telomere dysfunction, resulting in cellular senescence and transformation to a malignant state. Another complex of multifunctional proteins, named non-shelterin complex, is thought to prevent telomere degradation and facilitate telomerase-based telomere elongation. As telomerase is highly expressed in most human tumor cells, it is considered an attractive target for new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will summarize the characteristics of telomeres and telomerase in lymphoid malignancies and discuss the role of telomere-associated proteins in these entities.Fil: Panero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Dos Santos, Patricia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides; ArgentinaFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Dysregulation of H/ACA ribonucleoprotein components in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Telomeres are protective repeats of TTAGGG sequences located at the end of human chromosomes. They are essential to maintain chromosomal integrity and genome stability. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex containing an internal RNA template (hTR) and a catalytic subunit (hTERT). The human hTR gene consists of three major domains; among them the H/ACA domain is essential for telomere biogenesis. H/ACA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is composed of four evolutionary conserved proteins, including dyskerin (encoded by DKC1 gene), NOP10, NHP2 and GAR1. In this study, we have evaluated the expression profile of the H/ACA RNP complex genes: DKC1, NOP10, NHP2 and GAR1, as well as hTERT and hTR mRNA levels, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Results were correlated with the number and type of genetic alteration detected by conventional cytogenetics and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), IGHV (immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region) mutational status, telomere length (TL) and clinico pathological characteristics of patients. Our results showed significant decreased expression of GAR1, NOP10, DKC1 and hTR, as well as increased mRNA levels of hTERT in patients compared to controls (p=0.04). A positive correlation between the expression of GAR1-NHP2, GAR1-NOP10, and NOP10-NHP2 (p=0.0001), were observed. The analysis taking into account prognostic factors showed a significant increased expression of hTERT gene in unmutated-IGHV cases compared to mutated-CLL patients (p = 0.0185). The comparisons among FISH groups exhibited increased expression of DKC1 in cases with two or more alterations with respect to no abnormalities, trisomy 12 and del13q14, and of NHP2 and NOP10 compared to those with del13q14 (p = 0.03). The analysis according to TL showed a significant increased expression of hTERT (p = 0.0074) and DKC1 (p = 0.0036) in patients with short telomeres compared to those with long TL. No association between gene expression and clinical parameters was found. Our results suggest a role for these telomere associated genes in genomic instability and telomere dysfunction in CLL.Fil: Dos Santos, Patricia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Panero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Stanganelli, Carmen Graciela. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas "Mariano R. Castex"; ArgentinaFil: Palau Nagore, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Stella, Flavia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bezares, Raimundo F.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Teodoro Álvarez"; ArgentinaFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Specific Preferences in Lineage Choice and Phenotypic Plasticity of Glioma Stem Cells Under BMP4 and Noggin Influence

Although BMP4-induced differentiation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is well recognized, details of the cellular responses triggered by this morphogen are still poorly defined. In this study, we established several GSC-enriched cell lines (GSC-ECLs) from high-grade gliomas. The expansion of these cells as adherent monolayers, and not as floating neurospheres, enabled a thorough study of the phenotypic changes that occurred during their differentiation. Herein, we evaluated GSC-ECLs' behavior toward differentiating conditions by depriving them of growth factors and/or by adding BMP4 at different concentrations. After analyzing cellular morphology, proliferation and lineage marker expression, we determined that GSC-ECLs have distinct preferences in lineage choice, where some of them showed an astrocyte fate commitment and others a neuronal one. We found that this election seems to be dictated by the expression pattern of BMP signaling components present in each GSC-ECL. Additionally, treatment of GSC-ECLs with the BMP antagonist, Noggin, also led to evident phenotypic changes. Interestingly, under certain conditions, some GSC-ECLs adopted an unexpected smooth muscle-like phenotype. As a whole, our findings illustrate the wide differentiation potential of GSCs, highlighting their molecular complexity and paving a way to facilitate personalized differentiating therapies.Fil: Videla Richardson, Guillermo Agustín. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Carolina Paola. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Roisman, Alejandro. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Espinosa, Damian Dario. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Romorini, Leonardo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Miriuka, Santiago Gabriel. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Arakaki, Naomi. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Martinetto, Horacio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Scassa, Maria Elida. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Sevlever, Gustavo Emilio. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentin

SEPT10 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Correlation with clinical and biological prognostic factors

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a highly variable clinical course. Microarray studies allowed highlight genes differentially expressed in this pathology. In this study, we have evaluated the prognostic significance of SEPT10 expression in CLL patients. Results were correlated with immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IGHV) genes mutational status, genomic rearrangements and clinical parameters. SEPT10 mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR in 70 newly diagnosed CLL patients consecutively referred to our Institution. A wide heterogeneity for SEPT10 expression was found. Gene upregulation was observed in 18.5% of cases. The univariate analysis showed a positive association between gen expression and platelet count (p < 0.0001) and a negative correlation with hemoglobin levels (p = 0.0094). Although no significant differences were observed, mean treatment free survival was shorter in patients with high expression (31 months) with respect to those with low mRNA levels (72 months). Cases with abnormal karyotypes had increased expression compared to those with normal karyotypes and no association between gene expression and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) risk groups and IGHV mutational status was found. Cases using IGHV3-23 gene rearrangement had low SEPT10 expression. Our results showed an association between SEPT10 expression and features of adverse outcome but without independent prognostic value. The study of SEPT10 expression may be important for a better understanding of disease heterogeneity, adding further information to those provided by established prognostic factors.Fil: Travella, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Panero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Stanganelli, Carmen Graciela. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas "Mariano R. Castex"; ArgentinaFil: Bezares, Raimundo F.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Teodoro Álvarez"; ArgentinaFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; Argentin

IGHV gene rearrangements and mutational status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma patients

El estatus mutacional del gen IGHV (immunoglobulin heavy chain vaiable region) es considerado un importante factor pronóstico en leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC), en tanto que en linfoma de células del manto (LCM) su utilidad desde el punto de vista clínico requiere una evaluación más extensa. El análisis de la literatura muestra un repertorio sesgado en ambas patologías, con mayor participación de las familias VH3, VH4 y VH1, así como una expresión diferencial de genes IGHV. En este estudio se efectuó el análisis comparativo del estatus mutacional, los rearreglos de IGHV y la presencia de receptores estereotipados de una cohorte argentina de 174 pacientes con LLC y de 31 casos con LCM de Brasil. En LLC se observó mayor diversidad de genes, siendo los más frecuentes IGHV1-69, IGHV3-23, IGHV4-34, IGHV3-21 e IGHV3-48 (34,1% del total), en tanto que en LCM se encontró un repertorio muy reducido que incluye: IGHV3-21, IGHV4-34, IGHV3-23 e IGHV4-39 (66,7% del total), y una menor carga mutacional respecto de LLC. En LCM sólo 3,2% de los casos presentaron receptores estereotipados, mientras que en LLC el 14,2% de los rearreglos fueron estereotipados, siendo los clusters más representados #2, #7 y #9. Nuestros datos y los previamente reportados en la literatura sustentan la presencia de estímulos antigénicos en el desarrollo y la patogénesis de ambas entidades, con características específicas en cada una de ellas. En LLC, la incorporación del análisis de los receptores estereotipados podría refinar el pronóstico del estatus mutacional de IGHV.The mutational status of IGHV (immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region) gene is considered an important prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), nevertheless its clinical usefulness in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) requires a more extensive evaluation. In both pathologies, the analysis of the literature showed bias repertoire, with higher representation of VH3, VH4 and VH1 families, as well as a differential usage of IGHV genes. In this study, we have performed the analysis of IGHV mutational status and gene rearrangements as well as the evaluation of the presence of stereotyped receptors, in an Argentinean cohort of 174 CLL patients and 31 cases of Brazilian patients with MCL. In CLL, a greater diversity of genes was observed, being the most frequent: IGHV1-69, IGHV3-23, IGHV4-34, IGHV3-21 and IGHV3-48 (34.1% of the total), while in MCL a very small repertoire including: IGHV3-21, IGHV4-34, IGHV3- 23 and IGHV4-39 (66.7% of total), was found. In addition, MCL had a lower mutational load compared to CLL. In MCL only 3.2% of the cases presented stereotyped receptors, whereas in CLL this value reached 14.2%, being the most represented clusters #2, #7 and #9. Our data and previous reports in the literature support the presence of antigenic stimuli in the development and pathogenesis of both entities with specific characteristics in each of them. In CLL, the analysis of stereotypic receptors could refine the clinical outcome on beyond immunoglobulin mutational status.Fil: Stanganelli, Carmen Graciela. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Dos Santos, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Panero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Santana, B. A.. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Calado, Rodrigo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Predicting Classification Accuracy When Adding New Unobserved Classes

Multiclass classifiers are often designed and evaluated only on a sample from the classes on which they will eventually be applied. Hence, their final accuracy remains unknown. In this work we study how a classifier's performance over the initial class sample can be used to extrapolate its expected accuracy on a larger, unobserved set of classes. For this, we define a measure of separation between correct and incorrect classes that is independent of the number of classes: the "reversed ROC" (rROC), which is obtained by replacing the roles of classes and data-points in the common ROC. We show that the classification accuracy is a function of the rROC in multiclass classifiers, for which the learned representation of data from the initial class sample remains unchanged when new classes are added. Using these results we formulate a robust neural-network-based algorithm, "CleaneX", which learns to estimate the accuracy of such classifiers on arbitrarily large sets of classes. Unlike previous methods, our method uses both the observed accuracies of the classifier and densities of classification scores, and therefore achieves remarkably better predictions than current state-of-the-art methods on both simulations and real datasets of object detection, face recognition, and brain decoding

Ag-NOR staining and satellite association in bone marrow cells from patients with mycosis fungoides

Silver staining of nucleolus organizing regions (Ag-NORs) of acrocentric chromosomes and the frequency of satellite association (SA) in bone marrow (BM) cells from 7 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), were studied. BM samples of 7 normal healthy individuals were taken as controls. The mean number of Ag-NORs per metaphase was increased in patients (7.20 +/- 0.25) compared with controls (5.40 +/- 0.16) (p < 0.002), related with the increase of the D group. Moreover, a significant higher percentage of Ag-NOR positive cells in patients (71.7 +/- 3.9) than controls (48.0 +/- 7.8) (p < 0.02), was seen. The analysis of SA revealed a significant increase in the percentage of cells with 1-2 association pairs (ASPs) in patients with respect to their controls (p < 0.05), and a trend to a decrease in the percentage of cells without ASPs. Furthermore, a correlation between the number of Ag-NORs and the mean of ASPs per cell was also found for patients (rk = 0.65; p < 0.05). These results may be associated with a certain degree of immaturity, a high proliferative activity and modifications of the growth rate of BM cells in MF patients.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta