Magnetic properties of Sn/1-x/Cr/x/Te diluted magnetic semiconductors

We present the studies of Sn/1-x/Cr/x/Te semimagnetic semiconductors with chemical composition x ranging from 0.004 to 0.012. The structural characterization indicates that even at low average Cr-content x < ?0.012, the aggregation into micrometer size clusters appears in our samples. The magnetic properties are affected by the presence of clusters. In all our samples we observe the transition into the ordered state at temperatures between 130 and 140 K. The analysis of both static and dynamic magnetic susceptibility data indicates that the spin-glass-like state is observed in our samples. The addition of Cr to the alloy seems to shift the spin-glass-like transition from 130 K for x = 0.004 to 140 K for x = 0.012.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The magnetic interactions in spin-glasslike Ge/1-x-y/Sn/x/Mn/y/Te diluted magnetic semiconductor

We investigated the nature of the magnetic phase transition in the Ge/1-x-y/Sn/x/Mn/y/Te mixed crystals with chemical composition changing in the range of 0.083 < x < 0.142 and 0.012 < y < 0.119. The DC magnetization measurements performed in the magnetic field up to 90 kOe and temperature range 2-200 K showed that the magnetic ordering at temperatures below T = 50 K exhibits features characteristic for both spin-glass and ferromagnetic phases. The modified Sherrington - Southern model was applied to explain the observed transition temperatures. The calculations showed that the spin-glass state is preferred in the range of the experimental carrier concentrations and Mn content. The value of the Mn hole exchange integral was estimated to be J/pd/ = 0.45+/-0.05 eV. The experimental magnetization vs temperature curves were reproduced satisfactory using the non-interacting spin-wave theory with the exchange constant J/pd/ values consistent with those calculated using modified Sherrington - Southern model. The magnetization vs magnetic field curves showed nonsaturating behavior at magnetic fields B < 90 kOe indicating the presence of strong magnetic frustration in the system. The experimental results were reproduced theoretically with good accuracy using the molecular field approximation-based model of a disordered ferromagnet with long-range RKKY interaction.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

The IR-laser Treatment of Solid Solution PbGeTe : Mn

The results of an experimental study of the electrophysical properties and ESR of the Pb1 – xGexTe (x = 0.03) doped with Mn, and of laserinduced transformations of intrinsic and impurity defects under the influence of IRlaser light are present

Forms of the implementation of law-making process in the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Слинько, Д. В. Форми здійснення правотворчого процесу в діяльності Міністерства внутрішніх справ України / Д. В. Слинько // Право і безпека. – 2017. – № 3 (66). – С. 52-56.Slinko, D.V. (2017), “Forms of the implementation of law-making process in the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine” [“Formy zdiisnennia pravotvorchoho protsesu v diialnosti Ministerstva vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrainy”], Pravo i Bezpeka, No. 3, pp. 52–56.Досліджено правотворчий процес як різновид юридичного процесу. Вивчено підходи до розгляду категорій «нормотворча діяльність» і «відомча нормотворчість» та їх сутності, що склалися в юридичній науці. На підставі теоретичного аналізу юридичної літератури визначено, що правотворчий процес у діяльності Міністерства внутрішніх справ України здійснюється у формах відомчого нормотворчого процесу (безпосередній правотворчий процес) та сумісної з іншими вповноваженими суб’єктами правотворчості (опосередкований правотворчий процес).Law-making process as a kind of legal process has been studied. The approaches to the consideration of the categories of “regulatory activity” and “departmental rule-making activity” and their essence within legal science have been studied. On the basis of theoretical analysis of legal literature, the author has determined that the law-making process in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is carried out in the form of departmental rule-making process (direct law-making process) and common with other authorized subjects of law-making activity (indirect law-making process). The designation of the departmental rule-making process in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is the modeling of social relations, which, from the standpoint of the state or civil society, are desirable and admissible or necessary and obligatory. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine together with other authorized subjects of law-making activity realize the propositions for the improvement of legislation, takes part in the development of the drafts of regulatory acts, the issuing of which falls within the competence of other state agencies or officials. Besides, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine within its competence, develops and concludes international treaties and interagency agreements and deals with the interpretation and systematization of regulatory acts.Рассмотрен правотворческий процесс как разновидность юридического процесса. Изучены подходы к рассмотрению категорий «нормотворческая деятельность» и «ведомственное нормотворчество» и их сущности, сложившився в юридической науке. На основании теоретического анализа юридической литературы определено, что правотворческий процесс в деятельности Министерства внутренних дел Украины осуществляется в формах ведомственного нормотворческого процесса (непосредственный правотворческий процесс) и совместного с другими уполномоченными субъектами правотворчества (опосредованный правотворческий процесс)

Особливості правозастосовного процесу в діяльності органів внутрішніх справ

Slinko, D.V. (2015), “Features of law enforcement process in the activities of internal affairs agencies” [“Osoblyvosti pravozastosovnoho protsesu v diialnosti orhaniv vnutrishnikh sprav”], Pravo i Bezpeka, No. 3, pp. 97–102.Слинько, Д. В. Особливості правозастосовного процесу в діяльності органів внутрішніх справ // Право і безпека. - 2015. - № 3 (58). - С. 97–102.Досліджено правозастосовний процес як різновид юридичного процесу. Вивчено підходи до розгляду категорій «юридичний процес», «правозастосовний процес» та їх сутності, що склалися в юридичній науці. На підставі теоретичного аналізу юридичної літератури визначено особливості прояву правозастосовного процесу в діяльності органів внутрішніх справ.Law enforcement process as a form of legal process is studied. Approaches to the categories of «suit», «law enforcement process» and their nature prevailing in legal science are researched. It is determined that the law enforcement process within internal affairs agencies is characterized by the following features: a masterful character, as it is the activity of a competent body or an official; this power-organizing activity is carried out only within the limits of powers; allows the possibility for the use of state compulsion; has individually personalized nature; has a procedural nature; has a creative, intelligent character; determines which particular rule of law must be used to the specific considered case; has legally character – is completed by the adoption of a special act (in most cases written) called an act of using the law norms or law enforcement act. It is established that the usage of law within internal affairs agencies – is a form of indirect, sometimes forced realization of the rights expressed in the professional activity of competent subjects to develop and decision-making, detailing the legal requirements for their practical implementation in the specific conditions of the objective reality. A definition of law enforcement process within internal affairs agencies is offered. It is carried out in the procedural order power-organizing activity of authorized agencies and officials, which is in the realization of legal norms regarding to specific subjects or specific life cases through individual and legal solutions using, if necessary, appropriate state compulsion.Рассмотрен правоприменительный процесс как разновидность юридического процесса. Изучены подходы к пониманию категорий «юридический процесс», «правоприменительный процесс», их сущности, сложившиеся в юридической науке. На основании теоретического анализа юридической литературы определены особенности проявления правоприменительного процесса в деятельности органов внутренних дел

Adaptive strategy of Rapana venosa (Gastropoda, Muricidae) in the invasive population of the Black Sea

We conducted molecular-genetic and morphological studies on the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Crimean waters of the Black Sea in order to determine possible reasons of the invasive success of this mollusk. Molecular-genetic tests were performed using COI gene; the surveyed samples reliably identified to R. venosa species. We compared the data on initial (from the Far-Eastern seas) and some invasive populations. In the natural conditions of the Yellow, East China Seas, and the Sea of Japan, the genetic diversity of rapa whelk is high (Hd = 0.933, π = 0.002). In all the invasive populations of rapa whelk (Black Sea, European and North American), an extremely low level of haplotypic and nucleotide diversity was determined (Hd = 0.0, π = 0.0). Despite low values of genetic diversity, the invasive populations of rapa whelk are characterized by ecological success. We noted stable growth of populations, tolerance to diseases and parasites, effective reproduction, high fertility. This contradicts the main provisions of the population genetics theory of formation of edge of range populations, because usually only a small number of specimens of rapa whelk were introduced. The explanations of the unique condition of the invasive populations of rapa whelk, both from an ecological perspective (high resistance to fluctuations of hydrological factors and chemical pollution, absence of enemies, high fertility) and genetic perspective (high selective value of separate haplotypes settled in the new water areas) have not been confirmed. We&nbsp;determined that a very important factor for the naturalization of the rapa whelk at low genetic diversity is the intra-species morpho-ecological divergence. In the Crimean water area of the Black Sea, R. venosa was found to have two morpho-ecological forms associated with the peculiarities of the development of the proportions of the shell. Study of successful invasive species would allow timely and adequate reaction to new cases of introduction