社会的スキル、逸脱抑止意識、逸脱行動の抑止傾向が学級内メンバーからの承認・拒否に与える影響

本研究では、社会的スキル(配慮スキル、主張スキル)が、学級内メンバーからの承認・拒否に与える影響を検討した。そして、逸脱抑止意識(重度逸脱、軽度逸脱)、逸脱行動の抑止傾向(重度逸脱、軽度逸脱)を仲介要因とした分析も行った。さらに、社会的スキルに影響を与える要因として、社会的ネットワークの多様性に着目した。分析の結果、配慮スキル、主張スキルが高い者ほど学級内メンバーから承認された。さらに主張スキルが高い者は、学級内メンバーから拒否されにくいことが明らかになった。また、重度逸脱行動を抑止している者ほど学級内メンバーから矩否されにくいことも明らかになった。最後に、社会的スキルの高さを規定している要因として、社会的ネットワークの多様性が重要な役割を果たしていることも示された

Ethos: A Mas Framework For Modelling Human

We present a framework for a Multi-Agent System (MAS) devised to support the modelling and simulation of agent-based models of human social behavior and culture change. We set forth its main abstractions, and test the usefulness and generality of the framework by describing how two previously published models from the literature have been re-implemented in it. We argue that our framework provides features that simplify the modelling process of a wide range of models of human social behavior, beyond what current MAS accomplish

Shall I rel-eye upon you? : the role of the observer-target relationship inmimetic desires

Recent studies showed that stimuli are evaluated more favorably when perceived to capture others' attention (e.g. Bayliss, Paul, Cannon, & Tipper, 2006). Are these mimetic desires independent of the observer-target relationship? We will present two studies manipulating this relationship and examining the underlying mechanisms of mimetic desires. In study 1, a trustworthy and an untrustworthy face (Oosterhof & Todorov, 2008) were associated with neutral art paintings. The two faces turned their attention towards one of the paintings and away from another one, respectively. Mimetic desire effects were obtained for trustworthy faces but reversed for untrustworthy faces. In study 2, participants played “Cyberball” (Williams & Jarvis, 2006) before being exposed to a neutral target face looking at two paintings and away from two others. Mimetic desires were found in the exclusion condition but not in the inclusion condition. Implications of these findings for social and affective learning processes will be discussed

Replication Data for: Greed, Envy, and Admiration: The Distinct Nature of Public Opinion about Redistribution from the Rich

Research on public opinion about economic redistribution has made important progress by incorporating the psychological micro-foundation that shapes support for redistribution to the poor. However, one piece is missing: the micro-foundation shaping support for redistribution from the rich. I provide a novel theory about this facet of redistributive attitudes and how it is distinct. Observational data from three nationally-representative samples in two different welfare systems, and an experiment, show that attitudes about taking from the rich are mainly driven by perceptions of their prosociality—whether they are greedy or generous. This contrasts with public opinion about giving to the poor that is mainly driven by perceptions of the efforts of poor people. Furthermore, while compassion shapes attitudes about giving to the poor, the emotions of admiration and envy shape attitudes about taking from the rich. These findings have important theoretical and empirical implications for public opinion about economic redistribution

Labour market disadvantage or poor health upon arrival? An examination of the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension

Non-Western immigrants in Scandinavia have a higher risk of early retirement on a disability pension than natives, but the reasons are unclear. One theory is that increased demands for standardization, efficiency and productivity in advanced capitalist labour markets, such as the Scandinavian market, cause expulsion of the weakest and least qualified individuals from the labour market, including a disproportionate share of non-Western immigrants. Another theory is that non-Western immigrants already have poorer health than natives upon arrival in Scandinavia. This article examines the extent to which the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market when pre-existing health differences are controlled for. To this end, we draw on Danish register data, including all disability pensions granted in 2003–2012 to natives and non-Western immigrants who arrived in Denmark in 1998. Our results suggest that a minor proportion of the native–immigrant gap in disability pensions is explained by non-Western immigrants’ health upon arrival, whereas the vast majority of the gap is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market