Konsep Optimalisasi Distribusi Sekolah Tingkat Dasar (SD/MI) Berdasarkan Pola Persebaran Permukiman di Kabupaten Ngawi

Permasalahan mendasar fasilitas pendidikan di Kabupaten Ngawi khususnya sekolah tingkat dasar (SD/MI) terletak pada penyediaan dan distribusi yang belum merata antar wilayah serta belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan karakteristik permukimannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengotimalkan distribusi sekolah tingkat dasar (SD/MI) dalam rumusan konsep optimalisasi yang didasarkan pada karakteristik pola persebaran permukiman. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis tetangga terdekat untuk mengetahui karakteristik pola persebaran permukiman, analisis regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap distribusi sekolah, analisis deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui keseimbangan antara ketersediaan dan kebutuhan sekolah dasar, serta analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik triangulasi untuk merumuskan konsep optimalisasi distribusi SD/MI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 2 pola persebaran permukiman di Kabupaten Ngawi, beberapa wilayah mengalami kondisi berlebih fasilitas pendidikan SD/MI, faktor yang berpengaruh dalam distribusi adalah panjang jalan kawasan permukiman (tingkat aksesibilitas) dan kepadatan penduduk (demografi) permukiman, sedangkan dirumuskan 2 konsep secara umam dan khusus untuk optimalisasi distribusi sekolah tingkat dasar (SD/MI) di Kabupaten Ngawi yang didasarkan pada pola persebaran permukiman

An Ordered Approach to Solving Parity Games in Quasi Polynomial Time and Quasi Linear Space

Parity games play an important role in model checking and synthesis. In their paper, Calude et al. have shown that these games can be solved in quasi-polynomial time. We show that their algorithm can be implemented efficiently: we use their data structure as a progress measure, allowing for a backward implementation instead of a complete unravelling of the game. To achieve this, a number of changes have to be made to their techniques, where the main one is to add power to the antagonistic player that allows for determining her rational move without changing the outcome of the game. We provide a first implementation for a quasi-polynomial algorithm, test it on small examples, and provide a number of side results, including minor algorithmic improvements, a quasi bi-linear complexity in the number of states and edges for a fixed number of colours, and matching lower bounds for the algorithm of Calude et al

PushPush is NP-Hard in 3D

We prove that a particular pushing-blocks puzzle is intractable in 3D. The puzzle, inspired by the game PushPush, consists of unit square blocks on an integer lattice. An agent may push blocks (but never pull them) in attempting to move between given start and goal positions. In the PushPush version, the agent can only push one block at a time, and moreover, each block, when pushed, slides the maximal extent of its free range. We prove this version is NP-hard in 3D by reduction from SAT. The corresponding problem in 2D remains open

Konsep Optimalisasi Distribusi Sekolah Tingkat Dasar (SD/MI) Berdasarkan Pola Persebaran Permukiman di Kabupaten Ngawi

Permasalahan mendasar fasilitas pendidikan di Kabupaten Ngawi khususnya sekolah tingkat dasar (SD/MI) terletak pada penyediaan dan distribusi yang belum merata antar wilayah serta belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan karakteristik permukimannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengotimalkan distribusi sekolah tingkat dasar (SD/MI) dalam rumusan konsep optimalisasi yang didasarkan pada karakteristik pola persebaran permukiman. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis tetangga terdekat untuk mengetahui karakteristik pola persebaran permukiman, analisis regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap distribusi sekolah, analisis deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui keseimbangan antara ketersediaan dan kebutuhan sekolah dasar, serta analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik triangulasi untuk merumuskan konsep optimalisasi distribusi SD/MI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 2 pola persebaran permukiman di Kabupaten Ngawi, beberapa wilayah mengalami kondisi berlebih fasilitas pendidikan SD/MI, faktor yang berpengaruh dalam distribusi adalah panjang jalan kawasan permukiman (tingkat aksesibilitas) dan kepadatan penduduk (demografi) permukiman, sedangkan dirumuskan 2 konsep secara umam dan khusus untuk optimalisasi distribusi sekolah tingkat dasar (SD/MI) di Kabupaten Ngawi yang didasarkan pada pola persebaran permukiman

Suono e Spettacolo. Athanasius Kircher, un percorso nelle Immagini sonore.

The Society of Jesus made great propaganda efforts throughout the seventeenth century and chose the images and the play as a privileged means to communicate and persuade. Athanasius Kircher, a key figure of the seventeenth century, he decided to dominate the wild nature of sound through Phonurgia Nova, which includes a gallery of powerful symbolic images for Baroque aesthetics. The essay, through the grant of the images from the Library of the Department of Mathematics "Guido Castelnuovo" Sapienza University of Rome, aims to understand, through the pictures offered by Kircher, the sound phenomenon and the spectacle that this produces. In Phonurgia Nova a process of dramatization sound effects takes place, often through machines and "visions" applied to the theatrical reality, as experimental and astonishing environment beloved in baroque. Kircher illustrates the sound through explanatory figures, so to dominate the sound through the eyes. Sound is seen, admired and represented: its spectacle not only takes place through the implementation of sound machines or the "wonders" applied to the theater, but even through images, creating create a sense of wonder in in the erudite person of the seventeenth century

Towards a Method of Building Causal Bayesian Networks for Prognostic Decision Support

We describe a method of building a decision support system for clinicians deciding between interventions, using Bayesian Networks (BNs). Using a case study of the amputation of traumatically injured extremities, we explain why existing prognostic models used as decision aids have not been successful in practice. A central idea is the importance of modeling causal relationships, both so that the model confiorms to the clinician's way of reasoning and so that we can predict the probable effect of the available interventions. Since we cannot always depend on data from controlled trials, we depend instead on 'clinical knowledge' and it is therefore vital that this elicited rigorously. We propose three stages of knowledge modeling covering the treatment process, the information generated by the process and the causal relationship. These stages lead to a causal Bayesian network, which is used to predict the patient outcome under different treatment options

Solving a Coupled Set of Truncated QCD Dyson-Schwinger Equations

Truncated Dyson-Schwinger equations represent finite subsets of the equations of motion for Green's functions. Solutions to these non-linear integral equations can account for non-perturbative correlations. A closed set of coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the propagators of gluons and ghosts in Landau gauge QCD is obtained by neglecting all contributions from irreducible 4-point correlations and by implementing the Slavnov-Taylor identities for the 3-point vertex functions. We solve this coupled set in an one-dimensional approximation which allows for an analytic infrared expansion necessary to obtain numerically stable results. This technique, which was also used in our previous solution of the gluon Dyson-Schwinger equation in the Mandelstam approximation, is here extended to solve the coupled set of integral equations for the propagators of gluons and ghosts simultaneously. In particular, the gluon propagator is shown to vanish for small spacelike momenta whereas the previoulsy neglected ghost propagator is found to be enhanced in the infrared. The running coupling of the non-perturbative subtraction scheme approaches an infrared stable fixed point at a critical value of the coupling, alpha_c approximately 9.5.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures, LaTeX2

Designing Equitable Antiretroviral Allocation Strategies in Resource-Constrained Countries

BACKGROUND: Recently, a global commitment has been made to expand access to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in the developing world. However, in many resource-constrained countries the number of individuals infected with HIV in need of treatment will far exceed the supply of ARVs, and only a limited number of health-care facilities (HCFs) will be available for ARV distribution. Deciding how to allocate the limited supply of ARVs among HCFs will be extremely difficult. Resource allocation decisions can be made on the basis of many epidemiological, ethical, or preferential treatment priority criteria. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Here we use operations research techniques, and we show how to determine the optimal strategy for allocating ARVs among HCFs in order to satisfy the equitable criterion that each individual infected with HIV has an equal chance of receiving ARVs. We present a novel spatial mathematical model that includes heterogeneity in treatment accessibility. We show how to use our theoretical framework, in conjunction with an equity objective function, to determine an optimal equitable allocation strategy (OEAS) for ARVs in resource-constrained regions. Our equity objective function enables us to apply the egalitarian principle of equity with respect to access to health care. We use data from the detailed ARV rollout plan designed by the government of South Africa to determine an OEAS for the province of KwaZulu–Natal. We determine the OEAS for KwaZulu–Natal, and we then compare this OEAS with two other ARV allocation strategies: (i) allocating ARVs only to Durban (the largest urban city in KwaZulu–Natal province) and (ii) allocating ARVs equally to all available HCFs. In addition, we compare the OEAS to the current allocation plan of the South African government (which is based upon allocating ARVs to 17 HCFs). We show that our OEAS significantly improves equity in treatment accessibility in comparison with these three ARV allocation strategies. We also quantify how the size of the catchment region surrounding each HCF, and the number of HCFs utilized for ARV distribution, alters the OEAS and the probability of achieving equity in treatment accessibility. We calculate that in order to achieve the greatest degree of treatment equity for individuals with HIV in KwaZulu–Natal, the ARVs should be allocated to 54 HCFs and each HCF should serve a catchment region of 40 to 60 km. CONCLUSION: Our OEAS would substantially improve equality in treatment accessibility in comparison with other allocation strategies. Furthermore, our OEAS is extremely different from the currently planned strategy. We suggest that our novel methodology be used to design optimal ARV allocation strategies for resource-constrained countries

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): Flows, Quantities, and Management—A Global Scenario

International audienc

Solving life Problem in Govenment and Law

30 cm; 234 ha