The value of the glenohumeral joint cross-sectional area as a morphological parameter of glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Glenohumeral joint (GHJ) space narrowing has been demonstrated to be an important morphologic parameter of glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHO). However, the morphology of GHJ space is irregular because of degeneration of subchondral bone and articular cartilage. Thus, we devised GHJ cartilage cross-sectional area (GHJCCSA) as a new diagnostic morphological parameter to assess the irregular morphologic change of GHJ. GHJ samples were acquired from 33 patients with GHO and from 33 normal controls without evidence of GHO based on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. T2-weighted coronal MRIs were collected at the GHJ level for all individuals. GHJCCSA and GHJ cartilage thickness (GHJCT) at the GHJ were measured on MRIs using a graphic measuring system. The GHJCCSA was measured as the whole cartilage cross-sectional area of the GHJ. The average GHJCCSA was 115.28 ± 17.36 mm2 in normal individuals and 61.77 ± 13.74 mm2 in the GHO group. The mean GHJCT was 2.06 ± 0.35 mm in normal individuals and 1.50 ± 0.28 mm in the GHO group. GHO patients had significantly lower GHJCCSA (P < .001) and GHJCT (P < .001) than normal individuals. Receiver operator characteristics curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff score of the GHJCCSA was 82.21 mm2, with a sensitivity of 97.0%, a specificity of 97.0%, and an area under the curve of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97-1.00). Although GHJCCSA and GHJCT were both significantly associated with GHO, the GHJCCSA was a more sensitive measurement parameter

Highly sensitive active pixel image sensor array driven by large-area bilayer MoS2 transistor circuitry

Various large-area growth methods for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have been developed recently for future electronic and photonic applications. However, they have not yet been employed for synthesizing active pixel image sensors. Here, we report on an active pixel image sensor array with a bilayer MoS2 film prepared via a two-step large-area growth method. The active pixel of image sensor is composed of 2D MoS2 switching transistors and 2D MoS2 phototransistors. The maximum photoresponsivity (Rph) of the bilayer MoS2 phototransistors in an 8 7 8 active pixel image sensor array is statistically measured as high as 119.16 AW 121. With the aid of computational modeling, we find that the main mechanism for the high Rph of the bilayer MoS2 phototransistor is a photo-gating effect by the holes trapped at subgap states. The image-sensing characteristics of the bilayer MoS2 active pixel image sensor array are successfully investigated using light stencil projection

Analytical electron microscopy of fresh and vehicle-aged catalysts

Automotive catalysts have a general loss of activity during aging, basically due to two principal deactivation mechanisms. One of them is thermally induced “sintering,” which results in catalytic surface area reduction. The other is chemically induced “poisoning,” which in part causes blockage of active metal sites. The conventional bulk techniques have indicated that various catalyst functions were affected differently by poisons and thermal damage; however, they generally did not provide detailed descriptions of the mechanisms of deactivation. Only analytical electron microscopy (AEM) can provide microchemical and microstructural information to gain a more thorough and fundamental understanding of catalytic deactivation.Fresh and vehicle-aged commercial automotive catalysts containing Pt, Pd, and Rh on alumina supports were prepared for AEM by a microtomy technique, which retains the spatial integrity of the catalyst pellet with uniform thickness. Then these AEM specimens were characterized in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).</jats:p

Interfacial Microstructures in Divorced Graphitic Eutectics (Tem, Study)

132 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.Interfacial microstructures in two divorced graphitic eutectics have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both systems show a coarse minor precipitate, graphite, whose morphology depends strongly on trace elements.Two recurring bcc/hexagonal orientation relationships discovered in cast irons are related to another two sets of fcc/hexagonal orientation relationships found in nickel-graphite alloys through Kurdjumov-Sachs or Nishiyama-Wasserman relations. These results indicate that the initial products of divorced eutectic solidification in both systems obey rational orientation relationships and that the solid-solid interfaces produced are non-random.The interfacial boundaries have been characterized by constructing O-lattice models which are able to predict internal dislocation structures as well as Moire patterns. Finally experimentally observed regularly spaced fine features along the boundaries obtained from the single crystal experiments have been compared to the O-cells calculated in a microcomputer.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Analysis on the Structure of Lithium Titanium Oxide Due to Lithium Ratio 5% to 20% by Neutron Powder Diffraction with Rietveld Method

Abstract not Available.</jats:p

A Review on Manufacturing and Application of Open-cell Metal Foam

AbstractThe present paper introduces the manufacturing process and industrial applications of Alantum metal foams having a complete open-pore structure. Wide spectrum of foam products, based on several distinguished properties of metal foams is described. Examples of Alantum foam products, transited to the industrial applications are provided with the roles of foams during their performances