Thermoelectric Power in Bismuth Single Crystals in the Neighborhood of the Melting Point

The thermoelectric power is determined directly and studied as a function of temperature for a range extending from several degrees below the melting point to a temperature well above the melting point. A transition region exists for about ten degrees above the melting point. This is taken as a definite indication of the persistence of a marked crystalline arrangement in the liquid near its freezing point

Global public policy, transnational policy communities, and their networks

Public policy has been a prisoner of the word "state." Yet, the state is reconfigured by globalization. Through "global public–private partnerships" and "transnational executive networks," new forms of authority are emerging through global and regional policy processes that coexist alongside nation-state policy processes. Accordingly, this article asks what is "global public policy"? The first part of the article identifies new public spaces where global policies occur. These spaces are multiple in character and variety and will be collectively referred to as the "global agora." The second section adapts the conventional policy cycle heuristic by conceptually stretching it to the global and regional levels to reveal the higher degree of pluralization of actors and multiple-authority structures than is the case at national levels. The third section asks: who is involved in the delivery of global public policy? The focus is on transnational policy communities. The global agora is a public space of policymaking and administration, although it is one where authority is more diffuse, decision making is dispersed and sovereignty muddled. Trapped by methodological nationalism and an intellectual agoraphobia of globalization, public policy scholars have yet to examine fully global policy processes and new managerial modes of transnational public administration

The Preparation of Dibromoamine and its Reaction with Grignard Reagents

Dibromoamine was prepared by passing dry ammonia into a cold ethereal solution of bromine. The reaction may be represented by the equation: 3 NH3 + 2 Br2 → NHBr2 + 2 NH4Br. A study of the decomposition rates of the dibromoamine solution at 0° and -72° shows that the product decomposes very rapidly at 0°, but it is relatively stable at the lower temperature. Dibromoamine reacts with Grignard reagents to produce primary amines, secondary amines, ammonia, and nitrogen. The percentage yields of these products obtained in two typical reactions were as follows: for n-butyl magnesium chloride; n-butylamine 7.8 per cent, di-n-butylamine 2.2 per cent, ammonia 79.0 per cent, nitrogen 5.9 per cent; for benzyl magnesium chloride; benzylamine 29.6 per cent, dibenzylamine 5.5 per cent, ammonia 42.8 per cent, nitrogen 4.7 per cent

Global Development and Climate Change: A Game Theory Approach

The increasing concern with climate change is one of the main issues of our time, and thus we aim to theoretically and mathematically analyse its causes. However our approach follows a different stream of thought, presenting the reasoning and decision-making processes between technical and moral solutions. We have resorted to game theory models in order to demonstrate cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios, ranging from the traditional to the evolutionary within game theory. In doing so we are able to glimpse the development of modern society and a paradigm shift regarding human control over nature and to what extent it is harmful to the sustainability of our environment and the survival of future generations. Merging different fields of knowledge, we present a theoretical-philosophical approach, combined with empirical-mathematical solutions taking into account the agent-based behaviour guided blindly by instrumental rationality

North Carolina's Addiction to Smoking: A State Faces the Decline of a Major Export

76 p.Throughout the history of North Carolina, tobacco has always had an important role in the economy. From the beginning, North Carolina was exporting tobacco along with other cash crops. North Carolina's development depended largely on growing cash crops for export, particularly tobacco. To complement the growth of tobacco in the state, a cigarette industry developed there as well. The cigarette companies became extremely powerful, and the small tobacco farmer only had a few federal regulations to protect himself. The cigarette companies expanded into other industries, so that the companies were some of the most powerful in the world. They used this power to quiet questions about the safety of their main product, and for a long time, remained immune to any claims against them. Recently, however, the cigarette industry has lost some if its power. It is now vulnerable to court cases and may be held accountable for billions of dollars of damage. This will affect the small tobacco farmer in North Carolina, as well as the cigarette industry. North Carolina will have to adjust, as the future of a major output becomes uncertain The SIP concludes with many unanswered questions. The outcome of the many court cases affecting the tobacco industry is not yet known. The success of future regulations limiting the sale of cigarettes is not yet known. And so the future of tobacco in the North Carolina is an uncertainty. Tobacco will probably fade away as a major crop in the state. For those that depend on it, there will be hard times ahead