Oral Health Practices, Beliefs and Dental Service Utilization of Albanian Immigrants in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: A Pilot Study

There is limited information on the oral health of Albanian immigrant population residing in the U.S. This creates a hinderance to developing and implementing appropriate dental care programs for the population. This study investigated oral health practices, beliefs, dental visits and associated factors of Albanian adults living in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were employed. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on oral health practices, beliefs, dental visits and socio-demographic information. Descriptive and multivariable logistics regression were conducted. Overall, 266 adults were recruited, 54% male, 56% have lived 10 or more years in the U.S., 95% rated their oral health as excellent/good and 87% reported having a dental visit in the last year. Age, ability to speak English, having a usual source of dental care, and reporting excellent/good oral health were associated with having a dental visit in the last year. A substantial number of Albanians adult reported a dental visit in the last year and those that did not write or read in English had lower odds of reporting a dental visit

Selling Sex: Analyzing the Improper Use Defense to Contract Enforcement through the Lens of Carroll v. Beardon

The Supreme Court of Montana\u27s, three-page opinion in Carroll v. Beardon is a treasure for those who teach first-year law students. Its deceptive simplicity is a lesson in close reading. It provides scholars and teachers endless opportunities to explore the cultural context within which courts operate and construct case narratives. Its humorous tone additionally belies a serious failure by the court to provide a fair and impartial resolution of the parties\u27 dispute and to create useful precedent for future courts and litigants. The decision and its implications remain relevant and merit consideration by scholars exploring the intersection of contract and criminal laws related to intimate sexual relationships, particularly in the context of the public policy defense to contract enforcement

Lost in Translation in the Law School Classroom: Assessing Required Coursework in LL.M. Programs for International Students

Those who teach ESL students are engaging in wonderful, creative work, which should be shared with the larger legal writing community. This article is designed to begin a conversation through scholarship in this area. This scholarship will encourage legal educators to become more aware of the influence of culture and language on their understanding of the law and they will, in turn, be better teachers. Through this scholarship, all will gain—ESL students, J.D. students, professors, and scholars

Lost in Translation in the Law School Classroom: Assessing Required Coursework in LL.M. Programs for International Students

Those who teach ESL students are engaging in wonderful, creative work, which should be shared with the larger legal writing community. This article is designed to begin a conversation through scholarship in this area. This scholarship will encourage legal educators to become more aware of the influence of culture and language on their understanding of the law and they will, in turn, be better teachers. Through this scholarship, all will gain—ESL students, J.D. students, professors, and scholars

Current Developments in Federal Employment Discrimination Law

The area of federal employment discrimination law has undertone vast changes over the past several years through both legislative and judicial action. This article provides, an overview of the recent congressional enactments and amendments, including the Americans With Disabilities Act, and the Civil Rights Act of 1991 which modified Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and 42 U.S.C. § 1981. Additionally, recent Supreme Court decisions, which have also altered some longstanding doctrines in this area, are addressed. Finally, some decisions of the courts within the Seventh Circuit are presented to provide a more detailed insight into the state of the law within this federal circuit

The First Amendment Right to Petition Government for a Redress of Grievances: Cut from a Different Cloth

The First Amendment right to petition government has been improperly limited by the United States Supreme Court. While the Court has agreed that the Petition Clause extends to the judiciary, it has improperly concluded that the Petition Clause does not provide a substantive right of access to the judiciary. Instead, the Court has granted only limited immunity to petitioners and has concluded that, whatever the breadth of the Petition Clause, there is no correlative duty of governmental response. The Court\u27s interpretation ignores the historical understanding of this right. From its inception in England and throughout the colonial era, the right to petition government encompassed both individual and collective written requests to the executive, judicial, or legislative authorities. The debates surrounding the framing of the Petition Clause do not indicate that the original understanding was any different from colonial practice. In light of the historical understanding of the Petition Clause, the constitutional basis of Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the sham exception to the Noerr-Pennington Doctrine need to be reexamined