“I was… Until… Since then…”: Exploring the Mechanisms of Selection in a Tragic Narrative

This paper presents a reading of Amos’s life story that follows an interpretive model based on mechanisms of narrative selection (Spector-Mersel, 2011). Drawing on the notion of the narrative paradigm, this model is derived from narrative epistemology, and specifically from a conceptualization of how identities are claimed through stories. The narrative production is conceived of as consisting of six mechanisms of selection, through which biographical facts are sorted, with the purpose of confirming an end point. Accordingly, the analysis seeks to identify the expressions of these mechanisms in the story, as a means to recognize the identity being claimed. The examination of the mechanisms of selection displayed in both the content and the form of Amos’s story reveals a split end point, which divides Amos’s life into “before” and “after” the stroke. The “I was” part strictly corresponds with the cultural ideal of a Sabra-Kibbutz member, depicting Amos’s prior self as a “culturally appropriate” and highly significant figure in his collective. In contrast, the “since then” part, which portrays the past 15 years since the stroke as an extended present, conveys his being “outside” of both the culture and the collective. Considering Amos’s story a clear instance of a tragic narrative, some insights are offered that can shed light on possible manifestations of this story genre

“Everyone assumes a man to be quite strong”: Men, masculine identity and rheumatoid arthritis: A case-study approach

Objective: Current literature has overlooked the impact of chronic illness on masculine identity. We therefore aimed to investigate the impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis (a long term condition, affecting more women than men) on masculine identity. Methods: Six focus groups with 22 men with RA (data reported elsewhere) followed by five one-to-one interviews with men (English, mean age: 59 years) sampled to reflect a heterogeneous experience of life with RA based on knowledge gained from the focus groups. Transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis and are presented as individual case studies. Results: Whilst the case studies provide five distinct experiences, common themes can be drawn across them, such as the importance of paid work. The men needed to renegotiate their masculine identity to deal with their RA. Two dealt with this by pushing through pain to retain masculine activities, two replaced masculine roles they could no longer do with other roles, and one rejected masculinity completely. Conclusion: Men with long term conditions may need to re-write their masculinity scripts to enable them to accept and adapt to their condition. However, some men struggle with this, which should be taken into consideration when designing self-management services for men with long term conditions

Paradigmatic Approaches to Studying Environment and Human Health: (Forgotten) Implications for Interdisciplinary Research

Copyright © 2013 ElsevierInterdisciplinary research is increasingly promoted in a wide range of fields, especially so in the study of relationships between the environment and human health. However, many projects and research teams struggle to address exactly how researchers from a multitude of disciplinary and methodological backgrounds can best work together to maximize the value of this approach to research. In this paper, we briefly review the role of interdisciplinary research, and emphasize that it is not only our discipline and methods, but our research paradigms, that shape the way that we work. We summarize three key research paradigms - positivism, postpositivism and interpretivism - with an example of how each might approach a given environment-health research issue. In turn, we argue that understanding the paradigm from which each researcher operates is fundamental to enabling and optimizing the integration of research disciplines, now argued by many to be necessary for our understanding of the complexities of the interconnections between human health and our environment as well as their impacts in the policy arena. We recognize that a comprehensive interrogation of research approaches and philosophies would require far greater length than is available in a journal paper. However, our intention is to instigate debate, recognition, and appreciation of the different worlds inhabited by the multitude of researchers involved in this rapidly expanding field

Mechanisms of Selection in Claiming Narrative Identities: A Model for Interpreting Narratives

Aiming at a tight correspondence between narrative epistemology and methodology, a model for interpreting narratives is proposed that derives from a theoretical conception of how identities are claimed via stories. The narrative production is conceived as consisting of six mechanisms of selection, through which biographical facts are chosen, filtered, and sorted, with the purpose of confirming an established end point. Accordingly, the analysis seeks to identify the expressions of these mechanisms in a given story, as a way to recognize the identity being claimed. A holistic interpretive strategy underlies the process, requiring that both life and story be considered, treating the narrative as a whole unit, regarding form and content, paying attention to contexts, and employing a multidimensional interdisciplinary lens. Following the presentation of the interpretive model and its underlying theoretical foundation, the analysis is demonstrated through life stories of retired senior officers from Israel’s founding generation. </jats:p

Narrative research

As a result of the popularization of the narrative idea and the considerable diversity existing among narrative studies, a rather “all included” conception has arisen, in which the framework of narrative inquiry has been significantly blurred. For narrative inquiry to persist as a unique mode of investigation into human nature, a complementary dialogue is required that aims at outlining its core, alongside the emphasis given in the literature on diversity as its hallmark. As a possible reference point for this debate, recognizing the narrative paradigm that has crystallized since the “narrative turn” is suggested. The narrative paradigm is discussed in light of six major dimensions — ontology, epistemology, methodology, inquiry aim, inquirer posture and participant/narrator posture — indicating that it coincides with other interpretive paradigms in certain aspects yet proffers a unique philosophical infrastructure that gives rise to particular methodological principles and methods. Considering the narrative paradigm as the essence of narrative inquiry asserts that the latter is not confined to a methodology, as often implied. Rather it constitutes a full-fledged research Weltanschauung that intimately connects the “hows” of investigation to the “whats”, namely premises about the nature of reality and our relationships with it.</jats:p