Rural Facility Electric Power Quality Enhancement

Electric power disturbances are known to be more prevalent in small, isolated power systems than in larger interconnected grids which service most of the United States. This fact has given rise to a growing concern about the relative merits of different types of power conditioning equipment and their effectiveness in protecting sensitive electronics and essential loads in rural Alaska. A study has been conducted which compares isolation transformers, voltage regulators, power conditioners, uninterruptible power supplies and indoor computer surge suppressors in their ability to suppress the various disturbances which have been measured in several Alaskan communities. These include voltage sags and surges, impulses, blackouts, frequency variations and long-term voltage abnormalities. In addition, the devices were also subjected to fast, high-magnitude impulses such as might be expected in the event of a lightning strike to or near utility distribution equipment. The solutions for power line problems will vary for different load applications and for different rural electrical environments. The information presented in this report should prove to be valuable in making the analysis.List of Figures - viii List of Tables - xiv Acknowledgements - xv Chapter 1: Electric Disturbances in Power Systems Introduction - 16 Categorizing Electrical Disturbances - 17 Voltage Disturbances and Transients - 19 Frequency Disturbances - 22 Sources of Transients - 22 Lightning and EMP - 23 Switching - 24 Power System Noise - 25 Common Mode and Normal Mode Noise Signals - 26 Chapter 2: Power Quality in Rural Alaska Characterizing the Village Power System - 28 The Village Electric Load - 29 Power Quality Site Surveys - 30 Rural Power Quality in Alaska - 31 Power Conditioning Requirements for Village Loads - 37 Chapter 3: Isolation, Voltage Regulation and Power Conditioning Introduction - 39 Slow Voltage Fluctuations - 39 Voltage Regulation and Power Conditioning - 40 Ferroresonant Transformers - 40 Electronic Tap-Changing Regulators - 44 Isolation Transformers - 47 Dedicated Lines - 51 Chapter 4: Impulse Suppression Introduction - 52 Surge Suppressors - 52 Surge Suppressor Components - 55 Component Configuration - 58 EMI/RFI Filters - 58 Standard Tests for Evaluating Surge Suppressor Performance - 60 Scope of Impulse Testing for Rural Alaska - 60 Impulse Test Equipment - 62 Test Procedure - 62 Impulse Testing Measurements - 63 Test Results - 64 Chapter 5: Uninterruptible Power Supplies The True UPS - 68 Standby Power Systems and a New Generation of UPS - 69 UPS Backup Time - 74 UPS Testing - 74 Chapter 6: Computers and Power Problems Introduction - 78 The Computer Tolerance Envelope - 78 Ridethrough - 80 Component Degradation and Equipment Failure - 82 Computer Power Supplies - 82 Linear Power Supplies - 83 Switching Power Supplies - 84 PC Tolerance of Powerline Disturbances - 84 Chapter 7: Comparing Power Conditioning Alternatives Voltage Regulation - 89 Isolation - 93 Uninterruptible Power Systems - 94 Computer Surge Suppressors - 98 Summary - 98 Appendices Appendix A: Voltage Clamping Levels of Surge Suppressors - 101 Appendix B: Voltage Clamping Levels of Power Conditioners and Uninterruptible Power Systems - 115 Appendix C: Noise Suppression of Surge Suppressors and Power Conditioners - 129 Appendix D: Waveforms and Regulating Characteristics of Power Conditioners and Uninterruptible Power Systems - 135 Appendix E: Comparison of Voltage Clamping Levels of Surge Suppressors Power Conditioners, Isolation Transformers and Uninterruptible Power Systems to High-Magnitude Impulse Voltages - 151 References - 16

Rural Facility Electric Power Quality Analysis

This report gives results of a recently completed data collection and analysis project investigating electric power quality of two isolated utility systems in Alaska. This is the second phase of a similar effort reported in 1984 which provided the first comprehensive power quality data from four small Alaskan communities. In this report, second generation instrumentation is described and comprehensive data and data analyses are presented. These data are important because of the increased use throughout Alaska of electrical and electronic equipment that may be damage by power system disturbances.Abstract - iv 1.0 Introduction - 1 1.1 Site descriptions - 1 1.2 Power quality definitions and disturbance analyzzer outputs - 2 2.0 Second Generation Instrumentation - 4 2.1 Hardware - 4 2.2 Software development and utilization - 8 3.0 Power System Disturbance Data - 9 3.1 Kotzebue site - 10 Figure Descriptions - 10 3.1.1 808: - 10 3.1.2 626: - 13 3.1.2.1 Impulse - 13 3.1.2.2 Sag - 16 3.1.2.3 Surge - 18 3.1.2.4 Frequency Disturbances - 21 3.1.2.5 Voltages - 23 Figures K1-K85 - 24-66 3.2 Tazlina site - 67 Figure Descriptions - 67 3.2.1 808: - 67 3.2.2 626: - 71 3.2.2.1 Impulse - 1 3.2.2.2 Sag - 74 3.2.2.3 Surge - 77 3.2.2.4 Frequency Disturbances - 81 3.2.2.5 Voltages - 83 Figures T1 - T102 - 85-135 3.3 Power system disturbance data summary - 136 3.3.1 Kotzebue site - 136 3.3.2 Tazlina site - 142 4.0 Conclusions - 147 5.0 Acknowledgements - 154 6.0 References - 154 7.0 Selected Bibliography - 155 8.0 Appendix

Laserprobe 40Ar/39Ar dating of strain fringes: Mid-Cretaceous synconvergent orogen-parallel extension in the interior of the Sevier orogen

[1] UV and CO2 laser-probe 40Ar/39Ar in situ analyses of phlogopite and muscovite in fibrous strain fringes from greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks document mica growth ages at temperatures lower than their closure temperatures, and therefore directly date deformation. The new dates resolve the age of the earliest ductile fabric recorded in the Raft River–Albion–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex of Utah and Idaho. Phlogopite was dated in quartz-calcite-phlogopite strain fringes around pyrite in Pennsylvanian-Permian rocks from the Grouse Creek Mountains (Utah) using both the UV and CO2 laser probe; muscovite was dated in quartz-muscovite strain fringes around pyrite in deformed Jurassic sills from the Black Pine Mountains (Idaho) using the CO2 laser probe. Phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages for individual strain fringes (Grouse Creek Mountains) range from 92 Ma to 110 Ma, with the most reliable ages ranging from 101 Ma to 110 Ma (mean age, 105.0 ± 5.8 Ma). Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar ages for individual strain fringes (Black Pine Mountains) range from 97 Ma to 112 Ma (mean age, 104.7 ± 5.8 Ma). Strain fringes are associated with a subhorizontal foliation and a generally N-trending elongation lineation exhibiting components of top-to-the-north simple shear and coaxial strain accommodating N-S extension and subvertical shortening. Midcrustal northward flow at 105 (±6) Ma within the interior of the Sevier orogen, coeval with east-directed shortening in the foreland and with plate convergence, records orogen-parallel synconvergent extension. We favor gravitational relaxation of structural culminations resulting from focused crustal shortening as a driving mechanism for orogen-parallel flow

Laserprobe 40Ar/39Ar dating of strain fringes: Mid-Cretaceous synconvergent orogen-parallel extension in the interior of the Sevier orogen:

[1] UV and CO2 laser-probe 40Ar/39Ar in situ analyses of phlogopite and muscovite in fibrous strain fringes from greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks document mica growth ages at temperatures lower than their closure temperatures, and therefore directly date deformation. The new dates resolve the age of the earliest ductile fabric recorded in the Raft River–Albion–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex of Utah and Idaho. Phlogopite was dated in quartz-calcite-phlogopite strain fringes around pyrite in Pennsylvanian-Permian rocks from the Grouse Creek Mountains (Utah) using both the UV and CO2 laser probe; muscovite was dated in quartz-muscovite strain fringes around pyrite in deformed Jurassic sills from the Black Pine Mountains (Idaho) using the CO2 laser probe. Phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages for individual strain fringes (Grouse Creek Mountains) range from 92 Ma to 110 Ma, with the most reliable ages ranging from 101 Ma to 110 Ma (mean age, 105.0 ± 5.8 Ma). Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar ages for individual strain fringes (Black Pine Mountains) range from 97 Ma to 112 Ma (mean age, 104.7 ± 5.8 Ma). Strain fringes are associated with a subhorizontal foliation and a generally N-trending elongation lineation exhibiting components of top-to-the-north simple shear and coaxial strain accommodating N-S extension and subvertical shortening. Midcrustal northward flow at 105 (±6) Ma within the interior of the Sevier orogen, coeval with east-directed shortening in the foreland and with plate convergence, records orogen-parallel synconvergent extension. We favor gravitational relaxation of structural culminations resulting from focused crustal shortening as a driving mechanism for orogen-parallel flow

Japanese automobile lobbying in Brussels : the role of the Japanese motor car industry in EU policy networks

This study examines the lobbying by the Japanese automobile industry in the European Union. It investigates how the Japanese automobile industry interacts with the decision-making authorities in Brussels in its attempts to influence the policy process of the European Union. In the post-war period the Japanese automobile industry has expanded into all major world markets and plays an important economic and political role in these. However, until the 1990s, the Japanese automobile industry enjoyed hardly any interaction with the policy making institutions of the European Union. This has changed dramatically in the last decade but, thus far, the process has not been subject to any empirical investigation. This study, which is largely based upon interviews with the major actors in the process of interaction between the governing institutions and the automobile industry in the EU, aims to correct this deficiency. This thesis employed the policy network concept as a framework to develop an understanding of this particular case of government-interest group interaction. The thesis investigated whether the Western concept of policy networks could successfully be applied to the Japanese automobile industry as a non-western actor in the unique system of governance of the EU. By doing so, the thesis has demonstrated that the policy network concept is not a purely Western construct, but can be applied with equal validity to the case of Japan. Therefore, this thesis has taken an importani. a step towards proving the universal applicability of the policy network concept

A propósito de un análisis desde las relaciones públicas: la revisión yuxtaposicional de la comunicación y la persuasión, una encrucijada para confrontar la industria farmacéutica

Este artículo pretende indagar la manera como las corporaciones farmacéuticas multinacionales en Canadá, Colombia, Perú y los Estados Unidos establecen sus relaciones con sus públicos internos y externos y, específicamente, ahondará en las estrategias y tácticas usadas, para promover la preferencia por los medicamentos genéricos y sus beneficios potenciales. El estudio que da origen al artículo está basado en una línea de trabajo multidimensional que incorpora teorías de comunicación y relaciones públicas, centradas en aspectos como la persuasión y la confianza como indicadores de calidad en las relaciones; agrupa aspectos del marco conceptual que hemos abordado en la investigación titulada: “Estrategias de comunicación y relaciones públicas orientadas a la construcción de persuasión, confianza y reputación por los organismos gremiales, entes reguladores y genéricos de marca del sector farmacéutico, con presencia en Canadá, Estados Unidos, Colombia y Perú” y, además, es una muestra importante del soporte teórico y argumentativo que presenta dicho estudio en su marco referencial.Para investigar las estrategias y tácticas usadas para la segmentación de públicos, el estudiousa el modelo de procesos de problemas (Hallagan, 2001), y para los asuntos propios dela promoción del valor social de las compañías farmacéuticas multinacionales se retoma la conceptualización del economista Gabriel Tarde (citado por Latour, & Lépinay, 2009; Wärneryd, 2007). Finalmente, el tema de la confianza será considerada un moderador vital de las habilidades de las compañías estudiadas a la hora de desarrollar accesibles y positivas actitudes y un nivel alto de valor social que redunde en bienestar de las farmacéuticas y sus productos.  

Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin at embryo transfer induced ovulation of a first-wave dominant follicle and increased progesterone and transfer pregnancy rates

Beef Cattle Research, 2011 is known as Cattlemen’s Day, 2011Embryo transfer (ET) has become more widespread in recent years as a way to improve cattle genetics. According to the annual statistical survey of the American Embryo Transfer Association, more than 200,000 fresh and frozen bovine embryos were transferred in 2008. But despite advancements in reproductive technologies that have occurred since ET was commercialized in the 1970s, industrywide pregnancy rates are only 62.4 and 56.9% for fresh and frozen-thawed ET, respectively. Using ET helps avoid problems from failed fertilization; however, fertilization failure has been characterized as a relatively unimportant factor of pregnancy loss. Approximately 10% of pregnancy failures resulted from fertilization failure and another 10% from failed embryo development. Approximately 20 to 25% of the pregnancy loss in an ET program could be characterized as early embryonic loss

Middle School Teachers\u27 Self-Efficacy as Health Educators

This study investigated the relationship between certain teachers\u27 backgrounds and their self-efficacy when dealing with sensitive health topics. The eighty-seven participants surveyed were teachers in a central Georgia middle school. Teachers felt strongly that every middle level student should have health education every year (89% agreed or strongly agreed). However, teachers with more experience were less likely to agree or strongly agree ( only 38% did) that they would like to include health QCC objectives in their instructional units. There were more positive responses from teachers who had been parents, who had taught a health related subject, or who had attended a recent health-related workshop. But these differences were not statistically significant. There is possibly a positive relationship existing between these teacher background factors and self-efficacy in health education. More research of this important subject area is needed