Having a bath in Japan: a biographical study of actress and black belt j��d��ka Sarah Mayer (1896-1957)

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.In 1933, British actor and playwright, Sarah Mayer, left behind her wealthy husband, and the large country estate they shared in rural Hampshire, for a trip to Japan. As a judo enthusiast travelling as a sports tourist, Sarah became the first western woman in Japan to receive the award of sh��dan, or first degree black-belt, for judo, from the Butokukai, an increasingly militaristic, pedagogical institution, aimed at continuing the study of traditional and modern fighting techniques. Sarah���s training at the home of the art, the K��d��kan in Tokyo, was encouraged by founder, Jigor�� Kan��, a known internationalist in outlook. As the trip continued, the Japanese government promoted Mayer���s tour as part of the drive for modernism. Primarily, this thesis analyses the reasons for her unprecedented acceptance as a Western woman by Kan�� and the wider judo establishment. Using a biographical framework, and drawing on a large volume of primary source research, this work places Sarah���s achievement into a context of not only time and place, but social mobility and agency, considering, firstly, Sarah���s life before she went to Japan. Central to the thesis, the work then continues with an in-depth study of her time in Japan and the height of her international fame as a sporting personality, concluding with her final years and reflecting on her precarious place within history. Whilst contributing to the literature on gendered sporting performance and role models of the early twentieth century, this work should be seen as a revision of the limited historiography of women in judo, and also, to a lesser extent, the international politicisation of physical culture. The politicisation of sport, particularly the fighting arts, is an important, and sometimes neglected area of sports history, particularly in the Western literature. Providing a gendered perspective on the international history of the growth and diversification of martial arts, this thesis investigates a crucial case study, encompassing overarching themes of class, individual agency and the wider political context of Anglo-Japanese relations

(Was) gehen uns »die anderen« an? Schule und Religion in religions- und gemeindepädagogischer Perspektive

akzeptierte Manuskriptversio

Out of the West: the History of the Development of Women’s Judo in the West

Women's judo, introduced as a demonstration sport in the 1988 Olympics and officially included in 1992, has roots tracing back to the 1890’s when Jigoro Kano, judo's founder, began teaching women in Tokyo. Using a combination of primary, biographical, and scholarly sources, this paper considers three key elements of the development of women’s judo in the global ‘West’. The initial dissemination of judo outside of Japan and the cultural engagement with the Japanese fighting arts; the challenge for women to create parity with men in competition through the second half of the twentieth century; and the determination for equity in international governance. Early twentieth-century female pioneers from the global ‘West’ contributed significantly to the sport’s expansion and visibility. In America, early engagement aligned with a cultural interest in martial arts for women's fitness. Meanwhile, European and Australian women were spreading judo’s appeal and promoting female empowerment through self-defence around the world. Across continents, women used judo to challenge gender norms and advocate for strength and independence. This cultural movement continued into the 1920’s and beyond, with women instructors and students actively promoting judo’s benefits actively, paving the way for later innovators to extend its global reach, whilst advocating opportunities for women. Despite restrictive policies through the mid-twentieth century, notable female judoka continued to break barriers, fostering judo’s growth across Europe and beyond. The inclusion of women’s judo as a demonstration sport in the 1988 Olympics, marked a milestone, giving a platform to Western judoka and later showcasing the dominance of athletes from Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Cuba and France. Female leaders now help to shape judo’s future, championing gender equity and the values of judo

Schule und Religion : grundlegende Perspektiven

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Laboratory Study of Bubble Plumes in a Weakly Stratified, Sediment-laden Flow---McCook Reservoir Studies (HES 70)

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Chicago District), Research Contracts DACW 42-00-P-0396 and DACW 42-01-P-0126unpublishednot peer reviewe

SARAH MAYER and the KŌDŌKAN: Early European Women’s Judo in Japan

Sarah Mayer was the first foreign woman in Japan to be awarded a shōdan (black belt) for judo. She was awarded shōdan by Isogai Hajime at the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai in March 1935, having earlier trained at the Kōdōkan, and met Professor Kano. Mayer is an important figure in the history of women’s judo internationally. This research focusses on Mayer’s relationships with senior figures in the Kōdōkan at that time. Hatta Ichiro, Samura Kaichiro, Mifune Kyuzo, Isogai Hajime and Nagaoka Hideichi. Four of whom went on to be awarded 10th dan. There is discussion about the 50th Anniversary of the Kōdōkan. Based on original primary biographical research material, understanding her relationships gives insight into global gender issues in sports history. Sources include: Kōdōkan Library and Archive, National Archives of UK, and Mayer Letters in the Bowen Archive, Bath The way Mayer was treated in Japan was highly unusual. She was not separated from the men, but expected to fight against and even bathe with them. All of the male teachers under whom she learnt in Japan, accepted her, not as a woman, but as if she had no gender, despite her being attractive and feminine in western terms. The research is presented in the context of the positive influence made by women’s sport on the struggle for female emancipation during the early 20th century. Her journey is an important example of historical global interaction in the sporting arena. The efforts of Mrs. Mayer led the way for all the female judoka in Europe. Keywords: Judo, Kōdōkan, History, Women, Kano, Biography, Gende

Analog and digital wireless microphones : analysis of suitability for international use

In dieser Arbeit wird die Übertragung von drahtlosen Mikrofonen beschrieben. Es werden die beiden Arten der analogen und digitalen Funkmikrofonsysteme verglichen. Dabei wird erläutert, welche Aspekte zu berücksichtigen sind. Es wird untersucht, welche Regelungen zu ihrer internationalen Verwendung bestehen. Im Anschluss wird analysiert welches System sich am besten für einen europaweiten Einsatz eignet.This thesis describes the transmission of wireless microphones and compares the two types of analog and digital wireless microphone systems. It explains which aspects to consider. Furthermore, it examines which regulations govern their international use. Afterwards, it will be analyzed which system is best suited for a Europe-wide use