Trace metal distribution in the bed, bank and suspended sediment of the Ravensbourne River and its implication for sediment monitoring in an urban river

Purpose This study aims to identify a suitable sediment compartment for sediment quality monitoring by: (a) studying the concentration of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the bed, bank and suspended sediment compartments of the Ravensbourne River to establish any differences in trace metal concentrations with compartment; (b) determining the influence of sediment particle size fractions ( 0.05) in the concentrations of metals between the suspended sediment and the < 63 μm bed sediment fraction, but there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the suspended sediment and the < 63 μm bank sediment fraction. There were also significant differences between the concentrations of metals in the < 63 μm and the 63 μm–2 mm fractions. Generally, the Ravensbourne River did not comply with the draft UK sediment quality guidelines for the metals analysed. Conclusions This study shows the importance of identifying a suitable sediment compartment to sample for compliance with sediment quality standards. The bed and suspended sediments are the most widely used sediment compartments for sediment monitoring, but collecting sufficient mass of the < 63 μm sediment fraction for monitoring presents a challenge for urban gravel bed rivers like the Ravensbourne River. It seems appropriate to establish individual monitoring regimes for different rivers

Leisure Programing for Baby Boomers

By Lynda J. Cochran (College at Brockport faculty member, now Lynda J. Sperazza), Anne M. Rothschadl, Jodi L. Rudick.The baby boomers -- those born between 1946 and 1964 -- are a generation that consists of nearly 76 million Americans. Beginning in 2011, this large and influential population will begin their transition out of the workforce. As baby boomers enter retirement, they will be looking for opportunities in fitness, sports, outdoors, arts and cultural events, and other activities that suit their vibrant lifestyles. With their varied life experiences, values, and expectations, baby boomers are predicted to redefine the meaning of recreation and leisure programming for mature adults.Though many researchers have forecast the boomers\u27 impact on the future, only Leisure Programming for Baby Boomers addresses key information that recreation and leisure professionals need in order to make program decisions with baby boomers in mind. The authors combine their research, programming, and marketing expertise to provide insights into the values and lifestyle choices of boomers and offer programming and marketing strategies to reach this large and influential population.Leisure Programming for Baby Boomers will help you move beyond the traditional offerings of bingo, art classes, and social dances to capture the attention and imagination of your baby boomer community. This comprehensive guide offers these features: An in-depth review of current research to help you understand the values, interests, and needs of the boomer generation ; Guidance in adopting a “boomer lens” so you can more easily recognize the opportunities in working with this group and create and market programs that appeal to the values of this unique generation ; The Cochran Baby Boomer Quiz, a tool that can be used not only in assessing the programming preferences of the boomers in your community, but also in testing your staff\u27s knowledge of boomers and preparing them to work more effectively with this group ; Strategies, guidelines, and ready-to-use ideas for boomer-specific programming in arts and culture, outdoor recreation, education, wellness, and tourism ; Marketing templates and strategies that will attract boomers and keep them coming to your programs.With Leisure Programming for Baby Boomers, you\u27ll discover what distinguishes the baby boomer generation from previous generations in regard to their demographic makeup, gender differences, cultural influences, brand loyalty, consumer behavior, and spending patterns. Based on current research, Leisure Programming for Baby Boomers explains the boomer generation in terms of five value areas specific to recreation and leisure programming: cultural influences, healthy aging and society, retirement, leisure pursuits, and economic levels. Using this knowledge, you\u27ll learn how to consider these generational values to create effective marketing messages and plan appropriate programming.—Publisher’s descriptionhttps://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/bookshelf/1187/thumbnail.jp

Soil mechanical resistance measurement by an unique multi-cone tips horizontal sensor

Amulti-tips horizontal sensor was developed and mounted horizontally on a tine face by shafts. The length of shafts was reduced from top to down the tine. The developed system was evaluated in the controlled soil bin laboratory conditions with clay loam soil and uniform soil moisture content. The experiment was designed with soil compaction at three levels of uniform and nonuniform soil compaction in completely randomized block design with four replications. Vertical standard penetrometer was also used to compare with horizontal sensor data at whole working depth of 0 to 400 mm. The results indicated that there is a correlation with R2 = 0.86 between soil cone penetrometer values and the horizontal soil mechanical resistance measurement system data. It can be concluded that the idea of reducing the length of the tips from top to down the tine face would give promising results

ITRAX Core Scanner Capabilities Combined with Other Geochemical and Radiochemical Techniques to Evaluate Environmental Changes in a Local Catchment, South Sydney, NSW, Australia

In this study, geochemical and radioanalytical techniques are used together with the ITRAX core scanner to reconstruct the environmental history of Mill Creek catchment, located on the south-western fringes of Sydney. This ITRAX capability study was undertaken to investigate environmental changes in a local catchment which incorporates a nuclear research reactor, a small legacy nuclear waste burial ground, extensive new housing developments, a large rubbish tip, as well as quarries. This catchment changed from being near pristine in the 1950’s to an extensively developed catchment with wide ranging land uses. This rapid development has led to silting up near the mouth of the creek, and there is also evidence of periodic siltation triggered by catchment disturbance from local bushfires, associated with peaks in magnetic susceptibility. The sedimentary environment changed from a creek system to a mangrove swamp and saltmarsh. Changes in Cu, Zn and Pb distributions over the last 60 years suggest an anthropogenically-driven input, although concentrations measured by WD-XRF indicate that the level of urbanisation is lower in the study area than in many of the more industrialised and urbanised neighbouring catchments of Sydney estuary and Botany Bay. The activities of 239 + 240Pu and 241Am in the sediment are below detection limit, which strongly suggests that the legacy nuclear waste has not entered the creek system. © 2015, Springer