Ингвино-скротална хернија на мочен меур

Herniation of urinary bladder through the inguinal canal is a rare disease that requires surgery. The resulting combination of failure of the abdominal wall and an increase in intra-abdominal pressure occurs prolapse of the urinary bladder in the inguinal canal and the occurrence of ingvino-scrotal hernia. This phenomenon is very rare and often misdiagnosed. It occurs more often in older men with increased body weight and symptoms of distal urinary obstruction and urinary infections. The symptoms usually are mild to moderate, associated with hindered urination and urinary infections, and if this condition promptly left untreated can lead to serious health problems, to renal failure. CT reconstruction in three planes is the method of choice in the diagnosis of ingvino-scrotal hernia of the bladder. This method provides a clear display of herniated part of the urinary bladder, and allows detection of the contents of the hernial sac.Хернијацијата на мочниот меур преку ингвиналниот канал е ретка болест која бара хируршка интервенција. Како резултат на комбинација на слабост на абдоминалниот ѕиди зголемување на интраабдоминалниот притисок се јавува пролапс на мочниот меур во ингвиналниот канал и појава на ингвино-скротална хернија. Оваа појава е многу ретка и често погрешно се дијагностицира. Се јавува почесто кај постари мажи со зголемена телесна тежина и со симптоми на опструкција на дисталните уринарни патишата и уринарни инфекции. Симптомите вообичаено се од благи до умерени, поврзани се со отежнатото мокрење и уринарни инфекции, а доколку оваа состојба навремено не се лекува може да доведе до посериозни здравствени проблеми, па се до бубрежна инсуфициенција. CT со реконструкција во три рамнини е метода на избор во дијагностиката на ингвино-скроталните хернии на мочниот меур. Оваа метода овозможува јасен приказ на хернираниот дел од мочниот меур, а овозможува и детекција на содржината на килната кеса

Finding the center reliably: robust patterns of developmental gene expression

We investigate a mechanism for the robust identification of the center of a developing biological system. We assume the existence of two morphogen gradients, an activator emanating from the anterior, and a co-repressor from the posterior. The co-repressor inhibits the action of the activator in switching on target genes. We apply this system to Drosophila embryos, where we predict the existence of a hitherto undetected posterior co-repressor. Using mathematical modelling, we show that a symmetric activator-co-repressor model can quantitatively explain the precise mid-embryo expression boundary of the hunchback gene, and the scaling of this pattern with embryo size.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Modeling of an automatic hot water system and heating of a building

A hot water system and heating of a building was studied. The system contains a bio-fuel tank, boiler and radiators. The electro-thermal analogy was used in the modelling of the system and an electrical equivalent scheme was obtained based on the generalized heat model and the identification of the thermal parameters. An automatic water temperature control system with PI controller has been developed. A methodology is proposed for calculating the parameters of the controller under optimum control law and different values of the damping factor. A heat and power consumption in different modes of operation is calculated. Simulation results for the water temperature and the thermal capacity in the leakage of water from the boiler was obtained. The receive results were confirmed experimentally

Noise correction in gene expression data: a new approach based on subspace method

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. We present a new approach for removing the nonspecific noise from Drosophila segmentation genes. The algorithm used for filtering here is an enhanced version of singular spectrum analysis method, which decomposes a gene profile into the sum of a signal and noise. Because the main issue in extracting signal using singular spectrum analysis procedure lies in identifying the number of eigenvalues needed for signal reconstruction, this paper seeks to explore the applicability of the new proposed method for eigenvalues identification in four different gene expression profiles. Our findings indicate that when extracting signal from different genes, for optimised signal and noise separation, different number of eigenvalues need to be chosen for each gene. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The Role of Regulated mRNA Stability in Establishing Bicoid Morphogen Gradient in Drosophila Embryonic Development

The Bicoid morphogen is amongst the earliest triggers of differential spatial pattern of gene expression and subsequent cell fate determination in the embryonic development of Drosophila. This maternally deposited morphogen is thought to diffuse in the embryo, establishing a concentration gradient which is sensed by downstream genes. In most model based analyses of this process, the translation of the bicoid mRNA is thought to take place at a fixed rate from the anterior pole of the embryo and a supply of the resulting protein at a constant rate is assumed. Is this process of morphogen generation a passive one as assumed in the modelling literature so far, or would available data support an alternate hypothesis that the stability of the mRNA is regulated by active processes? We introduce a model in which the stability of the maternal mRNA is regulated by being held constant for a length of time, followed by rapid degradation. With this more realistic model of the source, we have analysed three computational models of spatial morphogen propagation along the anterior-posterior axis: (a) passive diffusion modelled as a deterministic differential equation, (b) diffusion enhanced by a cytoplasmic flow term; and (c) diffusion modelled by stochastic simulation of the corresponding chemical reactions. Parameter estimation on these models by matching to publicly available data on spatio-temporal Bicoid profiles suggests strong support for regulated stability over either a constant supply rate or one where the maternal mRNA is permitted to degrade in a passive manner