Inequality and School Reform in Bahia, Brazil

This article compares public and community schools in Salvador, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil. Based on quantitative data analysis and qualitative research conducted on-site during three research trips in 2001, 2003 and 2005, the author finds that Brazil’s extreme inequality and the associated concentration of state power in a few hands stand in the way of an effective reform. In 1999, the state of Bahia started to reform its basic education cycle, but the author’s research shows that Bahian elites use access to basic education to defend their inherited privilege. The analysis of community schools further demonstrates that inequality also blocks effective community and parental involvement in school management, as schools tend to distance themselves from neighbourhoods portrayed as poor and black, and thus “dangerous”

Instrumentos que avaliam a independência funcional em crianças com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais

This article aimed to do a systematic review of instruments that assess functional independence of children with cerebral palsy. We used MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for the search. Observational studies of the past five years, with full text available and without language restriction, were included in this review. We found 222 articles, of which 63 were analyzed and 24 were included in the study. The main instruments found were: PEDI, WeeFIM, ASK, PODCI, VABS-II, LIFE-H, and CAPE/PAC.Este artigo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão sistemática de instrumentos que avaliam a independência funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral. As bases eletrônicas da MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science foram usadas para as buscas. Estudos observacionais dos últimos cinco anos, com texto completo disponível e sem restrição de idioma foram incluídos nesta revisão. Foram encontrados 222 artigos, dos quais, 63 foram analisados e 24 foram incluídos no estudo. Os principais instrumentos encontrados foram: PEDI, WeeFIM, ASK, PODCI, VABS-II, LIFE-H e CAPE/PAC.En este texto se pretende llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de instrumentos que evalúan la independencia funcional de niños con parálisis cerebral. Se emplearon las bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science en las búsquedas. En esta revisión se incluyeron estudios observacionales de los últimos cinco años, con texto completo y disponible, sin restricción de idioma. De los 222 textos encontrados, 63 fueron evaluados y 24 incluidos. Los principales instrumentos encontrados fueron: PEDI, WeeFIM, ASK, PODCI, VABS-II, LIFE-H y CAPE/PAC