Singular Vector For A Shallow Water Model

The atmosphere is a chaotic dynamical system, small errors in the initial condition of an atmospheric model can lead to growing errors in the forecast. In order to reduce uncertainty in the forecast which occur from using only one initial condition from many possible initial conditions, more initial conditions are required. In practice, however, there is only single observation available for the initial condition. In this paper the singular vector has been applied to a single level shallow water model of the atmosphere to generate more initial conditions from one observation. ABSTRAK: Atmosfera ialah satu sistem dinamik yang huru-hara. Kesilapan kecil dalam kondisi awal model atmosfera boleh membawa kepada kesilapan yang semakin meningkat  di dalam ramalan. Dalam usaha untuk mengurangkan ketidakpastian dalam ramalan yang berlaku dari menggunakan hanya satu kondisi awal, lebih banyak kondisi awal diperlukan. Secara praktikalnya, walau bagaimanapun, hanya terdapat satu pemerhatian yang sedia ada untuk kondisi awal. Kajian ini menerangkan vektor tunggal telah digunakan untuk model air cetek tahap atmosfera untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak kondisi awal dari satu pemerhatian.KEYWORDS: shallow water model; tangent linear model; adjoint linear model; singular vecto

Attitudes towards the Use of ICT Training Curriculum for Thai Elderly People

AbstractLearning and using information and communication technologies (ICT) such as computer technologies and internet by the elderly is seen as an important demand for their integration in daily life and as a factor related to active aging. The aim of this research is to explore the attitudes of the elderly towards ICT literacy in the context of a training curriculum about the utilization of a personal computer platform such as introduction to computer, using Windows, internet: web browser usage, e-mail management, searching information, and Facebook. It is the result of an empirical study with a sample of 32 older people (65 years and older), consisted of retried employee from the schools and universities that took place in the centers for the elderly in the province of Chiang Mai in Thailand. They registered in the special short course training for the elderly at information technology center, Maejo University, Thailand. The data were collected through questionnaire. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage and mean. They have more skill in ICT after learning course. The research findings indicate that the elderly who use ICT learning show more positive attitudes towards new technologies. They thought of training as a means of social participation and lifelong learning