Should A Program Of Sex Education Be Mandatory in Public Schools From 4th-12th Grade?

For a position paper and presentation in her Changing Family course last fall, Tara explored the debate surrounding sexual education in the public school system. After completing extensive research regarding the policies which are already in place and evaluating their success, Tara formed the position that a program of sexual education should be mandatory in public schools form 4th to 12th grade. During an era where popular reality television shows include “Sixteen and Pregnant” as well as “Teen Mom” depict what a large issue teenage pregnancy is and how mainstream it has become in society. Tara does an excellent job of giving a well rounded view of the issue and supporting her claims with research and statistics

Improved pulse shape discriminator for fast neutron-gamma ray detection system

Discriminator in nuclear particle detection system distinguishes nuclear particle type and energy among many different nuclear particles. Discriminator incorporates passive, linear circuit elements so that it will operate over a wide dynamic range

Decentralized collaborative transport of fabrics using micro-UAVs

Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have generally little capacity to carry payloads. Through collaboration, the UAVs can increase their joint payload capacity and carry more significant loads. For maximum flexibility to dynamic and unstructured environments and task demands, we propose a fully decentralized control infrastructure based on a swarm-specific scripting language, Buzz. In this paper, we describe the control infrastructure and use it to compare two algorithms for collaborative transport: field potentials and spring-damper. We test the performance of our approach with a fleet of micro-UAVs, demonstrating the potential of decentralized control for collaborative transport.Comment: Submitted to 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). 6 page

An Introduction to the Continental Record of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

The record of the Laurentide Ice Sheet is not well preserved in terrestrial deposits. Sediment sequences are incomplete and few record events older than the last ice retreat. Furthermore, in the absence of absolute dating methods for deposits older than the limit of radiocarbon dating, units are generally assigned a chronostratigraphic position by "counting from the top". As a result age estimates of many units can differ significantly between authors.Les dépôts abandonnés par la calotte laurentidienne relatent bien imparfaitement son évolution. Les séquences sédimentaires sont incomplètes et peu d'entre elles sont antérieures au retrait des derniers glaciers. De plus, en l'absence de méthodes de datation absolue des dépôts au-delà des limites du radiocarbone, la position chronostratigraphique d'un sédiment est généralement déterminée en comptant les unités de haut en bas. Conséquemment, les estimations de l'âge des unités varient de façon importante d'un auteur à l'autre

The Sangamonian Stage and the Laurentide Ice Sheet

This review of the most recent studies (up to June 1986) dealing with the Sangamonian in some key areas clearly indicates that, as yet, there is no definitive answer to the question : "When did the ice which eventually became the Laurentide Ice Sheet begin to accumulate?" In most areas the stratigraphic record simply identifies a probable interglacial period; the record yields no information on when ice growth may have started following that warm climatic interval. However the deltaic glacial lake sediments of the Scarborough Formation in the Toronto area and the Bécancour Till in the Trois-Rivières area are thought to possibly date from the Sangamonian (marine isotope sub-stages 5d-b). The Adam Till in the James Bay Lowland may be correlative. In Atlantic Canada, mostly in Cape Breton Island, plant fossils suggest a mid-Sangamonian climate roughly comparable to that which prevailed 11-12 ka ago. On Baffin Island a marine transgression of mid-Sangamonian age is thought to result from important ice accumulation in the area. These stratigraphic interpretations suggest significant glacier expansion in several areas of the North American continent during part of the Sangamonian Stage. Whether or not any of this ice survived a warmer climate period near the end of the Sangamonian to become part of the Laurentide Ice Sheet is a matter of speculation.La présente revue des travaux sur le Sangamonien (jusqu'à juin 1986) effectués dans des régions clés démontre qu'il n'y a pas encore de réponse satisfaisante à la question suivante: « À quel moment la glace, qui allait devenir la calotte glaciaire laurentidienne, a-t-elle commencer à s'accumuler? » Dans la plupart des régions, la séquence stratigraphique ne fait que signaler l'existence probable d'une période interglaciaire, sans toutefois permettre de déterminer le moment où la glace a commencé à s'accumuler après l'intervalle climatique chaud. Il existe toutefois quelques indices. Les sédiments d'un delta glaciolacustres de la Formation de Scarborough, dans la région de Toronto, et le Till de Bécancour, dans la région de Trois-Rivières, datent probablement du Sangamonien (sous-phases isotopiques marines 5d-b). Le Till d'Adam, dans les basses terres de la baie James, leur est probablement corrélatif. Dans les régions atlantiques du Canada, en particulier à l'île du Cap-Breton, des restes de plantes indiquent que le climat au cours du Sangamonien moyen aurait été très semblable à celui de la période de 11 000 à 12 000 ans BP. À l'île de Baffin, une transgression marine qui a eu lieu au Sangamonien moyen aurait pu être le résultat d'une importante accumulation de glace dans la région. Ces diverses interprétations régionales témoignent d'une importante croissance des glaciers dans plusieurs régions du continent nord-américain au cours du Sangamonien. On ne peut toutefois pas préciser si ces accumulations de glace ont survécu à la période plus chaude qui a prévalu à la fin du Sangamonien pour ensuite s'intégrer à la calotte glaciaire laurentidienne.Dieser Überblick über die neuesten Studien (bis Juni 1986) zur sangamonischen Zeit in einigen Schlüsselgebieten zeigt deutlich, dap es bis heute keine endgültige Antwort auf die Frage gibt: "Wann begann sich das Eis anzuhäufen, das schlieBlich zur laurentischen Eisdecke wurde?" In den meisten Gebieten zeugen die stratigraphischen Spuren von einem wahrscheinlichen interglazialen Zeitabschnitt; die Spuren geben keine Auskunft darüber, wann der Eiswuchs nach diesem warmen klimatischen Zwischenspiel begonnen haben mag. Die Sedimente der deltaförmigen EisSeen der ScarboroughFormation in der Gegend von Toronto und die Bécancour-Grundmoräne in der Gegend von Trois-Rivières stammen vermutlich beide aus der sangamonischen Phase (Meeres-lsotopische Unterstadien 5d-b). Die AdamGrundmoräne im James-Bay-Tiefland hängt damit möglicherweise zusammen. In OstKanada, vor allem auf der Cap-Breton-Insel, legen Pflanzen-Fossilien nahe, daB dort ein Klima der mittleren sangamonischen Phase herrschte, das dem von vor 11 bis 12 ka ungefähr glich. Auf der Baffinlnsel halt man die UferBewegung in der sangamonischen Zeit fur die Auswirkung groBer Eisanhäufung in der Gegend. Diëse Deutungen der Stratigraphie legen eine umfangreiche GletscherAusdehnung in mehreren Gegenden des nordamerikanischen Kontinents während eines Teils der sangamonischen Zeit nahe. Ob Teile dieses Eises eine wärmere Phase gegen Ende der sangamonischen Zeit überdauerten, um ein Teil der laurentischen Eisdecke zu werden, Oder ob dies nient der Fall war, bleibt often

Influence of muscle preactivation of the lower limb on impact dynamics in case of frontal collision

Accidentology or shock biomechanics are research domains mainly devoted to the development of safety conditions for the users of various transport modes in case of an accident. The objective of this study was to improve the knowledge of the biomechanical behaviour of the lower limb facing sudden dynamic loading during a frontal collision. We aimed at establishing the relationship between the level of muscular activity prior to impact, called 'preactivation', of the lower limb extensors and the mechanical characteristics of impact. Relationships were described between the level of preactivation, the impact peak force values, the minimum force after unloading and the associated loading and unloading rates. The existence of reflex mechanisms that were affected by the level of voluntary muscular preactivation for the lower limb muscles was demonstrated. In conclusion, the existence of specific mechanism acting mainly at the knee level may result from the level of preactivation. Muscle behavior has to be included in numerical models of the human driver to better evaluate the overall stiffness of the body before and at impact

Glass transitions in 1, 2, 3, and 4 dimensional binary Lennard-Jones systems

We investigate the calorimetric liquid-glass transition by performing simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture in one through four dimensions. Starting at a high temperature, the systems are cooled to T=0 and heated back to the ergodic liquid state at constant rates. Glass transitions are observed in two, three and four dimensions as a hysteresis between the cooling and heating curves. This hysteresis appears in the energy and pressure diagrams, and the scanning-rate dependence of the area and height of the hysteresis can be described by power laws. The one dimensional system does not experience a glass transition but its specific heat curve resembles the shape of the $D\geq 2$ results in the supercooled liquid regime above the glass transition. As $D$ increases, the radial distribution functions reflect reduced geometric constraints. Nearest-neighbor distances become smaller with increasing $D$ due to interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbors. Simulation data for the glasses are compared with crystal and melting data obtained with a Lennard-Jones system with only one type of particle and we find that with increasing $D$ crystallization becomes increasingly more difficult.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figure