Changes in union membership over time : a panel analysis for West Germany

Despite the apparent stability of the wage bargaining institutions in West Germany, aggregate union membership has been declining dramatically since the early 90's. However, aggregate gross membership numbers do not distinguish by employment status and it is impossible to disaggregate these sufficiently. This paper uses four waves of the German Socioeconomic Panel in 1985, 1989, 1993, and 1998 to perform a panel analysis of net union membership among employees. We estimate a correlated random effects probit model suggested in Chamberlain (1984) to take proper account of individual specfic effects. Our results suggest that at the individual level the propensity to be a union member has not changed considerably over time. Thus, the aggregate decline in membership is due to composition effects. We also use the estimates to predict net union density at the industry level based on the IAB employment subsample for the time period 1985 to 1997. JEL - Klassifikation: J

The Biological Standard of Living in the two Germanies.

Physical stature is used as a proxy for the biological standard of living in the two Germanies before and after unification in an analysis of a cross-sectional sample (1998) of adult heights, as well as among military recruits of the 1990s. West Germans tended to be taller than East Germans throughout the period under consideration. Contrary to official proclamations of a classless society, there were substantial social differences in physical stature in East-Germany. Social differences in height were greater in the East among females, and less among males than in the West. The difficulties experienced by the East-German population after 1961 is evident in the increase in social inequality of physical stature thereafter, as well as in the increasing gap relative to the height of the West-German population. After unification, however, there is a tendency for East-German males, but not of females, to catch up with their West-German counterparts

Changes in Union Membership Over Time : A Panel Analysis for West Germany

Despite the apparent stability of the wage bargaining institutions in West Germany, aggregate union membership has been declining dramatically since the early 90's. However, aggregate gross membership numbers do not distinguish by employment status and it is impossible to disaggregate these su±ciently. This paper uses four waves of the German Socioeconomic Panel in 1985, 1989, 1993, and 1998 to perform a panel analysis of net union membership among employees. We estimate a correlated random effects probit model suggested in Chamberlain (1984) to take proper account of individual specific effects. Our results suggest that at the individual level the propensity to be a union member has not changed considerably over time. Thus, the aggregate decline in membership is due to composition effects. We also use the estimates to predict net union density at the industry level based on the IAB employment subsample for the time period 1985 to 1997

Forschung, Entwicklung und Innovation in Ostdeutschland

Die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer Volkswirtschaft hängt nicht zuletzt auch von der Innovationskraft ihrer wirtschaftlichen Akteure ab. Voraussetzung dafür sind Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) in Unternehmen, Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen und die Nutzung der regionalen Wissenspotentiale. In Ostdeutschland sind - nach dem Zusammenbruch der industriellen Forschung - seit der Wende Forschungskapazitäten wieder aufgebaut worden. Allerdings erreicht die FuE-Intensität Ostdeutschlands lediglich vier Fünftel des westdeutschen Niveaus, die der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft nur die Hälfte. Entsprechend schwach ist das Patentaufkommen und der Innovationsgrad der Wirtschaft. Der Staat wird angesichts unterschiedlicher Problemlagen in Ost- und Westdeutschland auch künftig auf die Sonderförderung Ost nicht verzichten können. Dabei sollte die spezifische Förderung der Forschungsaktivitäten kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen sowie von Vernetzung und Kooperation weiterhin im Vordergrund stehen. Zugleich sollte angestrebt werden, stärker noch als bisher auswärtige, insbesondere ausländische Unternehmen oder Einrichtungen für den Auf- und Ausbau von FuE-Kapazitäten in Ostdeutschland zu gewinnen.The competitiveness of an economy depends if nothing else on the innovative capacity. Research and development (R&D) in companies, universities and research institutes as well as the utilisation of regional knowledge potentials are preconditions for innovativeness. After German unification industry related R&D capacities have been rebuilt in East Germany. However, nowadays the overall R&D intensity merely reaches four fifth of the West German level, and the R&D intensity of the East German economy only half of the West German level. Accordingly, the intensity of patent application and the innovativeness of companies are relatively weak. Policy makers set up a wide range of programmes in order to erect and foster innovativeness of the East German economy. In the future this policy should be continued by focusing on the promotion of R&D in small and medium size companies, networking, and co operation. More than up to now, companies from aboard should be encouraged to establish R&D capacities in East Germany

Older Babies - More Active Mothers? How Maternal Labor Supply Changes as the Child Grows

Female labor market activity is dependent on the presence and the age of a child, but how do the determinants develop in magnitude and significance with the child's age? Using German SOEP data from 1991 to 2006 for mothers with young children, the change in maternal labor supply when the child is one, two, and three years old is explicitly addressed. According to the tobit regression results for precise working hours, maternal labor supply becomes increasingly responsive to economic incentives - mainly to imputed wages - as the child grows

Problems of the German Contribution to EU-SILC - A Research Perspective, Comparing EU-SILC, Microcensus and SOEP

EU-SILC will become one of the most important statistical data sources for the Federal Government's future Poverty and Wealth Reports, for comparing Germany's position with those of the other EU member states in the "open method of coordination", and for the international scientific community and international organisations. Hence this sample needs intensive quality control to ensure data quality. Ex ante quality control must take the form of selecting suitable survey methods, internal control of consistency of the data collected from each household, transparent data editing, reliable imputation methods and compensation for drop-outs by reweighting. Ex post consistency checks are needed in the form of comparison with other similar household samples, with administrative statistics and with macro-economic aggregates of the national accounts. In this paper the need for intensive ex post quality control is met with consistency checks in the form of a comparison between the results of EU-SILC and the microcensus and SOEP, which reveals significant deviations in the coverage of poorly integrated foreigners, small children and the level of education, as well as the ratio of house/apartment owners and the employment ratio. This causes serious distortions to the Laeken indicators calculated

Temporary extra jobs for immigrants : merging lane to employment or dead-end road in welfare?

We evaluate the effects of the most frequently used German welfare-to-work program on the employment chances of immigrant welfare recipients. In particular, we investigate whether program effects differ between immigrants and natives and what might cause these potential differences. Our results reveal that the program fails to achieve its objectives. The effects are more adverse for natives, but the program does not help otherwise identical immigrants to leave the welfare system either. Therefore, the program is a dead-end road rather than a merging lane to regular employment both for natives and for immigrants

Regional population structure and young workers' wages

This paper estimates the effect that changes in the size of the youth population have on the wages of young workers. Assuming that differently aged workers are only imperfectly substitutable, economic theory predicts that individuals in larger age groups earn lower wages. We test this hypothesis for a sample of young, male, full-time employees in Western Germany during the period 1999-2010. In contrast to other studies, functional rather than administrative spatial entities are used as they provide a more accurate measure of the youth population in an actual labour market. Based on instrumental variables estimation, we show that an increase in the youth share by one percentage point is predicted to decrease a young worker's wages by 3%. Our results also suggest that a substantial part of this effect is due to members of larger age groups being more likely to be employed in lower-paying occupations

Informations-Technologie in Unternehmen und Haushalten 2004

Seit dem Jahr 2002 werden in fast allen Mitgliedsländern der EU harmonisierte Piloterhebungen zur Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) in Un ternehmen und privaten Haushalten durchgeführt. An diesen Piloterhebungen hat sich die deutsche amtliche Statistik seither, d.h. in den Jahren 2002, 2003 und 2004, betei ligt. In der vorliegenden Broschüre werden daraus ausgewählte Ergebnisse mit dem Schwerpunkt auf dem aktuellen Berichtsjahr 2004 sowie im europäischen Vergleich vorge stellt. Damit wird erstmalig die deutsche Position bei der IKT-Nutzung im europäischen Umfeld eingeordnet. Die Ergebnisse beziehen sich – sofern nicht anders erwähnt – jeweils auf das erste Quartal des Jahres

Beschreibung des Oberamts Leonberg

BESCHREIBUNG DES OBERAMTS LEONBERG Beschreibung des Königreichs Württemberg (-) Beschreibung des Oberamts Leonberg (30) (-) Einband (-) Leonberg vom Engelberg aus (Tafel) Titelseite ([I]) Vorwort ([III]) Inhalt ([V]) Allgemeiner Teil ([1]) Einleitung ([1]) I. Natürliche Verhältnisse (2) II. Altertümer (vor- und frühgeschichtliche) (119) III. Geschichte (252) IV. Volkstümliche Überlieferungen und Mundart (435) V. Kunstgeschichte des Oberamts Leonberg (486) VI. Wirtschaftliche Verhältnisse (498) VII. Verwaltung, Kirche, Unterrichtsanstalten (577) Anhang: Namhafte Söhne von Stadt und Amt Leonberg (598) Ortsbeschreibung (-) 1. Leonberg ([604]) 2. Ditzingen (673) 3. Eltingen (697) 4. Flacht (712) 5. Friolzheim (721) 6. Gebersheim (730) 7. Gerlingen (737) 8. Haufen a. d. Würm (765) 9. Heimerdingen (773) 10. Heimsheim (786) 11. Hemmingen (815) 12. Hirschlanden (839) 13. Höfingen (849) 14. Korntal (866) 15. Malmsheim (885) 16. Merklingen (899) 17. Mönsheim (918) 18. Münchingen (933) 19. Münklingen (954) 20. Perouse (964) 21. Renningen (970) 22. Rutesheim (993) 23. Schöckingen (1003) 24. Warmbronn (1015) 25. Weil der Stadt (1023) 26. Wimsheim (1117) Register (1137) Graukeil (-) Farbinformation (-) Einband (-) Stadtplan von Leonberg (-) Oberamt Leonberg (-